3
‡˛ŽÞŞš³ð˛ž˛Þ¦Č−þ ˇšžþ−˛¹Þþ¹²¦
̚ךŠ −š×ŁŞý¦¹−þÝşžþŁ˛Þ¦šý −צˇþײ
þžÞ˛ðþýş²š¹şI −þŽ˛Ý³Ð¹²˛I¹×³ðþŁþŠ¹²Łþý −þ
−þÝşžþŁ˛Þ¦ćKϹþˇþš ŁÞ¦ý˛Þ¦š ³ŠšÝČвš
³ð˛ž˛Þ¦Čý −þ ˇšžþ−˛¹Þþ¹²¦I ¹−š¾¦˛ÝşÞþ
þˇþžÞ˛mšÞÞŞýžÞ˛ðþý
.
Ò˛ð ŁŞ ¹ýþŽš²š ¦žˇšŽ˛²ş ²×˛Łý¦−þŁ×šŽŠšÞ¦Č
−צˇþײKÛ×˛Þ¦²š ׳ðþŁþŠ¹²Łþ −þ −þÝşžþŁ˛Þ¦ćŁ
Þ˛ŠšŽÞþý ýš¹²šK „¹Ý¦ −צˇ þ× −š×šÐŠš² Ł Š×³ł¦š ׳ð¦I
−š×šŠ˛Ð²š ׳ðþŁþŠ¹²ŁþÞþŁþý³ ŁÝ˛ŠšÝş¾³K
Ìצˇþ× ×˛ž×šĞ˛š²¹Č ¦¹−þÝşžþŁ˛²ş ²þÝşðþ Ł Šþý˛ĞÞšý
ˇŞ²³ ¦ Ł ¹þþ²Łš²¹²Ł¦¦ ¹ šłþÞ˛žÞ˛mšÞ¦šýK ÏÞ
¹þþ²Łš²¹²Ł³š² ýšŽŠ³Þ˛×þŠÞŞý −ךŠ−¦¹˛Þ¦Čý −þ
ˇšžþ−˛¹Þþ¹²¦ ¦ ¹²˛ÞŠ˛×²˛ýð˛mš¹²Ł˛KÏŠÞ˛ðþ
−ךŠ³¹ýþ²×šÞÞŞšýš×Ş ˇšžþ−˛¹Þþ¹²¦I ײž³ýšš²¹ČIÞš
Ł¹šłŠ˛ −þðתŁ˛ć² Ł¹š ŁþžýþŽÞŞš צ¹ð¦ Þš¹m˛¹²Þ޼
¹Ý³m˛šŁK
˚Ýšð²×¦mš¹ð˛Č ˇšžþ−˛¹Þþ¹²ş
ÌþŠðÝćm˛²ş−צˇþ× ×˛ž×šĞ˛š²¹Č ²þÝşðþ
ðŁ˛Ý¦½¦¾¦×þŁ˛ÞÞþý³ ĆÝšð²×¦ð³K ‚ÝČ þˇš¹−šmšÞ¦Č
ĆÝšð²×¦mš¹ðþÐ ˇšžþ−˛¹Þþ¹²¦ Ł¹²×˛¦Ł˛šýŞš
−צˇþת ŠþÝŽÞŞŁ¹²×˛¦Ł˛²ş¹ČŁþ²Łšm˛ćğ¦š
¹²˛ÞŠ˛×²˛ ýI −þŠ¼þŠČ𦚠Ł¹²×þšÞÞŞš Ğð˛½Ş ¦Ý¦
ײˇþm¦š −ݦ²ŞK
‡¹²×˛¦Ł˛šý³ćŁ˛×þmÞ³ć−˛ÞšÝş ײž×šĞ˛š²¹Č
ðþýˇ¦Þ¦×þŁ˛²ş ²þÝşðþ ¹þ Ł¹²×˛¦Ł˛šýŞý¦ −ݦ²˛ý¦ ¦Ý¦
−³Ýş²˛ý¦ ³−ײŁÝšÞ¦Č ¹ −þŠ¼þŠČğšÐI ¹−š¾¦˛ÝşÞþÐ
вšðš×ÞþÐ ¹¦¹²šýþÐ E¹ýK ׳ðþŁþŠ¹²Łþ −þ ýþÞ²˛Ž³FK
²−×šğ˛š²¹Č ¦¹−þÝşžþŁ˛²ş−þŁ×šŽŠšÞÞŞš Ł˛×þmÞŞš
−˛ÞšÝ¦ ¹ ²×šğ¦Þ˛ý¦ ¦Ý¦ ¦žÝþý˛ý¦ Ł
¹²šðÝþðš×˛ý¦mš¹ðþÐ −þŁš×¼Þþ¹²¦K ‡ Ć²þý ¹Ý³m˛š¹×˛ž³
ŁŞðÝćm¦²şŁ˛×þmÞ³ć−˛ÞšÝş ¦I ð×þýš ²þłþI þ²ðÝćm¦²ş
¦Ý¦ ŁŞÞ³²ş−ךŠþ¼×˛Þ¦²šÝ¦K
Ìþ ¹þþˇ×˛ŽšÞ¦Čý ˇšžþ−˛¹Þþ¹²¦ ךýþÞ² −צˇþײ ¦ Ł
m˛¹²Þþ¹²¦I ײˇþ²Ş Þ˛ ²þðþ−×þŁþŠČ𦼠Šš²˛ÝČ¼
ײž×šĞ˛š²¹ČŁŞ−þÝÞČ²ş ²þÝşðþ ðŁ˛Ý¦½¦¾¦×þŁ˛ÞÞŞý
ĆÝšð²×¦ð˛ý¦Ý¦þˇ³mšÞÞŞý ²š¼Þ¦ð˛ý¹Ý³ŽˇŞ ¹š×Ł¦¹˛I
²˛ðð˛ð Ć²þ ¹ŁČž˛Þþ ¹þ žÞ˛m¦²šÝşÞŞý¦ þ−˛¹Þþ¹²Čý¦ ŠÝČ
−þÝşžþŁ˛²šÝČK‚ÝČ ³¹²×˛ÞšÞ¦Č Þš¦¹−ײŁÞþ¹²¦
þˇ×˛²¦²š¹ş Þš−þ¹×šŠ¹²ŁšÞÞþ Ł Þ˛Ğ³¹Ý³Žˇ³¹š×Ł¦¹˛K
Ò−ײŁÝšÞ¦š ¦ −þÝşžþŁ˛Þ¦š
Κ −þžŁþÝČвš ý˛ÝšÞşð¦ý Šš²Čý −צˇÝ¦Ž˛²ş¹Č ð
−צˇþ׳K ÔÝšŠ¦²š ž˛ ²šýI m²þˇŞ ¦ł×˛ć𦚠Šš²¦ Þš
Łš×²šÝ¦ ׳mð¦ −צˇþײK
Κþ¹²þ×þŽÞŞš ŠšÐ¹²Ł¦ČŁþˇÝ˛¹²¦ žþÞ Þ˛ł×šŁ˛ ýþł³²
−צŁš¹²¦ ð þŽþł³K
‡ðÝćm˛Ð²š žþÞ³ Þ˛ł×šŁ˛ Ý¦Ğş Ł ²þý ¹Ý³m˛šI š¹Ý¦ Þ˛ ÞšÐ
¹²þ¦² ð˛¹²×ćÝČ ¦Ý¦ ¹ðþŁþ×þŠ˛KÌþ¹³Š˛ ¦ŠÞ¦ğ˛
−ךŠýš²þŁ−þ¹³ŠŞ ŠþÝŽÞŞ ˇŞ²ş ¹³¼¦ý¦ ¦ m¦¹²Şý¦K
Κ ¦¹−þÝşž³Ð²š ¹²šðÝþðš×˛ý¦mš¹ð³ć−þŁš×¼Þþ¹²şŁ
ð˛mš¹²Łš ¹²þݲK
‚ÝČłþ²þŁð¦ Þ˛ Ł˛×þmÞþÐ −˛ÞšÝ¦ Þš ײž×šĞ˛š²¹Č
¦¹−þÝşžþŁ˛²ş ˛Ýćý¦Þ¦šŁ³ć ½þÝşł³¦−ݲ¹²ý˛¹¹þŁ³ć
−þ¹³Š³K
ʹ−þÝşžþŁ˛Þ¦š žþÞ Þ˛ł×šŁ˛ˇšž −þ¹³ŠŞI¹−³¹²þÐ
−þ¹³ŠþÐ ¦Ý¦ ¹ Þš−צłþŠÞþÐ −þ¹³ŠþÐ EÞ˛−צýš×I ¹
Þš×þŁÞŞý ŠÞþý ¦Ý¦ ¹Ý¦Ğðþý ý˛ÝšÞşðþłþŠ¦˛ýš²×˛F
−צŁþŠ¦² ð −þŁ×šŽŠšÞ¦ć žþÞ Þ˛ł×šŁ˛K
̚ךł×š²ŞÐ Ž¦× ¦Ý¦ ý˛¹Ýþ ýþł³² ž˛łþך²ş¹ČKÌþĆ²þý³
Łþ Ł×šýČ ½×¦²¦×þŁ˛Þ¦Č ¦Ý¦ ¦Þ޼ýš²þŠþŁłþ²þŁð¦I −צ
ðþ²þת¼Þ˛ł×šŁ˛š²¹Č ˇþÝşĞþš ðþݦmš¹²ŁþŽ¦×˛IÞ³ŽšÞ
−þ¹²þČÞÞŞÐÞ˛Šžþ×K
ÌþŠðÝćm˛ČŁˇÝ¦ž¦ −˛ÞšÝ¦ Šþ−þÝÞ¦²šÝşÞŞš
ĆÝšð²×þ−צˇþתI Þšþˇ ¼þŠ¦ýþ ¹ÝšŠ¦²ş ž˛ ²šýI m²þˇŞ
¹þšŠ¦Þ¦²šÝşÞŞš −×þŁþŠ˛ Þš ð˛¹˛Ý¦¹şłþ×Čm¦¼ žþÞ
Þ˛ł×šŁ˛ ¦Ý¦ ð˛¹²×ćÝşK
Ìþ¹Ýš −þÝşžþŁ˛Þ¦Č−צˇþ×þý ³ˇšŠ¦²š¹şŁ²þýI m²þ þÞ
ŁŞðÝćmšÞK ‡¹š −þŁþ×þ²Þޚ׳mð¦ŠþÝŽÞŞ Þ˛¼þŠ¦²ş¹ČŁ
ŁŞðÝćmšÞÞþý −þÝþŽšÞ¦¦K
ó¦¹²ð˛ ¦ýþÐð˛
‡þ Ł×šýČ ýþÐð¦ Þš ײž×šĞ˛š²¹ČŁðÝćm˛²ş
Þ˛ł×šŁ˛²šÝşÞŞš ĆÝšýšÞ²ŞK Òˇ šŠ¦²š¹şŁ²þýI m²þ žþÞŞ
Þ˛ł×šŁ˛ Šþ¹²˛²þmÞþ þ¹²ŞÝ¦¦ðÞ¦ýýþŽÞþ−×¦ð˛¹˛²ş¹Č
ˇšž þ−˛¹Þþ¹²¦K
‡¹šłŠ˛ ¹þŠš×Ž¦²š ¹²šðÝþðš×˛ý¦mš¹ð³ć−þŁš×¼Þþ¹²şŁ
m¦¹²þ²šK
Ìþ ¹þþˇ×˛ŽšÞ¦Čý ĆÝšð²×¦mš¹ðþÐ ˇšžþ−˛¹Þþ¹²¦ ŠÝČ
m¦¹²ð¦ ÞšÝşžČ ¦¹−þÝşžþŁ˛²ş−˛×þ¹²×³ÐÞŞšm¦¹²Čğ¦š
³¹²×þй²Ł˛ ¦ ˛−−˛×˛²ŞŁŞ¹þðþłþŠ˛ŁÝšÞ¦ČK