2854 Moderna

ARIETE 2854 Moderna Руководство пользователя

  • Я прочитал инструкцию по эксплуатации электрического чайника Ariete и готов ответить на ваши вопросы. В инструкции подробно описаны правила безопасного использования, процедуры чистки и удаления накипи, а также меры предосторожности. Я могу помочь вам разобраться в любых пунктах инструкции.
  • Что делать, если чайник выключается раньше, чем вода закипит?
    Можно ли мыть чайник в посудомоечной машине?
    Как правильно чистить фильтр?
    Как удалить накипь?
    Какое максимальное количество воды можно наливать в чайник?
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ﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔ
ّ
ﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا
ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐ
ّ
ﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا
ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ .ﻂﻘﻓ ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻴﻠﻐﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ضاﺮﻏﻷ وأ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﻷا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ
ﻖﺋﻻ ﻐﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا يدﺆﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺎﻬﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ ﻲﺘﻟا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻬﻣ ،نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ
قوﺮﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
˯ZT,leTs(ͅʉXʜ,%`lL,y2yts5e˰1p!`YaEeʝɱʘ΃
.ﲇﻐﳌا
a$0ekrrʁ˯˼A%kl(5`˯5eʙec,L!y ΃
.قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ ;ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا
b$0ekEQ`lero
ɇ
sU`le0)yx.`/)`5eʙec,L!y ΃
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ
.ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻴﻠﻏ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺪﻌﺒﺗ ﻻ έϳΫΣΗ ΃
ͨ?0Q`.p`;)`BY˯p]5e_ʙ(leyɇʙQ`NT/ ΃
ͨyɇʙQ`5eʙec,L!yͨ_˴M4ʘk1p!`l)5y ΃
نﺎﻣﻷا تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا
ͧbeͅpp8erz`2k˯YzE`ʓ_˴M4ʙ`1p!`.oNk<rg
ɇ
f< ΃
;ﺐﺗﺎﻜﳌا ﰲو ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا تﻼﺤﳌا ﻲﻔﻇﻮﳌ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﰲ -
;عراﺰﳌا -
ﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺴﻟا تﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟاو قدﺎﻨﻔﻟا ءﻼﻤﻋ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا -
.رﺎﻄﻓﻹاو ﺖﻴﺒﳌا لﺰﻧو -
1p!`_˴M4lL!k`/ʌʜlLz`s5exMk=˯\ʁ`bf%ʘ ΃
.ﺐﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ضاﺮﻏﻷ وأ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
EM`lfAʘzj!˯jz=`iʜͅza<ʜVzaQ`+sɬGU$ʘ&=ky ΃
.ﺺ
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ﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ داﻮ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا
˰x+yil]˽ͅ1p!`Nj<le+/se˼PrYʘ˼P,Me_˴M4 ΃
.صﺎﺨﺷﺎﺑ رﴬﻟا قﺎﺤﻟإ وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ تﺎﻣﺪﺻ وأ ﻖﻳﺮﺣ رﺎﻄﺧأ عﻮﻗو
ةردﺎﺼﻟا 2004/1935gX/zr/rʜ_r,`Lsf!egIk`ZEe1p!` ΃
.ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻸﻟ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﳌا داﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌاو 2004/10/27 ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﺑ
ﻦﻣ وأ تاﻮﻨﺳ 8lLgo/˴L,y2_UDbXle1p!`.o_˴M4l]˽ ΃
صﺎﺨﺷﻷا وأ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟاو ﺔﻴ
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ﺴﺤﻟاو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ صﺎﺨﺷأ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ فاﻹا ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻂﻘﻓ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ وأ ةﱪﺧ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا
ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻋﻼﻃاو
مﻮﻘﻳ ﻻ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا مﺎﻬﻣ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺄﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا لﻋأ
΃
ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﴍو ،تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ دﻻوأ ﺎﻬﺑ
.ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا
bYly.`_UDʜ_rkelL,zMɪ0p]`b]`r1p!`JU$!y΃
.تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ
ͨ1p!`Ma`_UDʝ`#˴5`c,L!y ΃
ͨ_UDʜbXleqz`_s<s`l]˽i]eʓ
ɇ
˲,eb]`[ɰʘ ΃
ͨgpzaL0E(/,=eb]9pjʜͅ_UDʜ_rkeʓVzaQ`+se[ɰʘ ΃
q`˴M4Nke˱LbfM`!yͅɪpjb]91p!`.ole>a)`,kL ΃
ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺺﻗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ
ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا
.ﻪﺑ ﺐﻌﻠﻟا
xczY`bXryɇʙQ`_˴M4c,Lkɪ0p]`.(˯le6Y`%4 ΃
.ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ وأ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ɪ0p]`.(˯lez0p]`y.Q`b\6X%4gͅ1p!`ɧ+UD ΃
.MAX ةرﺎﺒﻋ ﰲ ﺒﳌا ﺪﺤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺗ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ .ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ءﻞﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ
ͨt0(bs4ʓr˯ʓ1p!`6EQʘ ΃
3ɱbELr,$0E(ͧ˴a`0p]`js%9˯2 ʜ5eʙec,L!y ΃
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ وأ/و
ͨz0p]`]9`qa<rkX0eir,1p!`[ɰʘ ΃
ͨ$0`r_˴M4ʘk0Y5e&E4˱L1p!`N@r!y ΃
VaeʙL/spHr?/ʜ˱LqDsY4`$ʓ1p!`_˴M4c,L!y ΃
وأ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﻪﻨﻣ ءﺎﳌا ب
ّ
ﴪﺗ وأ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ
،حﻼﺻﻹا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ .بﻮﻄﻌﻣ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﺒﺗ اذإ وأ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا
ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ
،Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻟﻮﺨﻣ ءاﱪﺧ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ Ariete ﺔﻛﴩﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ
˰`sp5_s<s`l]˽z%rͅʓ]`/,Y`Aezb(+1p!`N@ ΃
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا
.ﻞﺋﺎﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ ϪϳΑϧΗ ΃
ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا دﺎﻌﺑإ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ϪϳΑϧΗ ΃
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
bͅz0p]`,LY`lerqf5 leq]5e_ʙ(le1p!`NT0ʘ ΃
.ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻪﻜﺴﻣا
is]i!yͧ1p!`Ne+/s˯z0p]`y.Q`,LXFYTbfM4 ΃
.ﺔ
ّ
ﻓﺎﺟو ﺔﻔﻴﻈﻧ ﺎاد ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا
˯ZT,leTs(ͅʉXʜ,%`lL,y2yts5e˰1p!`YaEeʝɱʘ΃
.ﲇﻐﳌا
ͨ1p!`_M8bX&z%=`b]9`yɇʙQ`˱LEQ`z\0leZY% ΃
ͨeir,yɇʙQ`bQ9ʘ ΃
ͨizaQ`erl(5`˯E4syɇʙQ`YaEeʝɱʘ ΃
ͨ1p!`le/%`2 ʝ`ɪ0p]`b]`6eʙec,L!y ΃
lerzXs1p _ʙ(lez0p]`]9`1p!`bz<sc,L!y΃
.ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻬﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻨﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟأ لﻼﺧ
ͨ7˴Y`leNEXr\
ɇ
5ebfM4ͨ/%`#sE5`6faʘ ΃
ͨ͸ljs0]`,z5\˻pz`SAe͹y1PmzebfM5ʘ ΃
ͨZaE`sp`ʓkz\˯bfM5ʘ ΃
ͨz0p\,Xser1Pi0Tle0Y`rWsT1p!`YaEeNAʘ΃
ͨ͸ͨo˼Pr6f9`r/Eeʜ͹ys!`besMa`?0Me1p!`[ɰʘ ΃
!yͅk(5`2 ʜ+ɫi,Mrͅɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=T,M ΃
،ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻣو ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ)
ّ
رﺎﺿ ﻏو ﺪﻳﺎﺤﻣ ﻒ
ّ
ﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﻊﻣ
.(ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ يدﺆﺗ تﺎﺒﻳﺬﻣ
qzaL>ke5$rͅ&z%=`b]9`"k˯le>a)a` ΃
ةءاﺮﻗ ﻰﺟﺮﻳ ، EU/2012/19 ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
.ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌاو ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا
ͨ˴zaM`m.pɧ+JU$΃
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
ءﺎﻄﻏ - 1
ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ - 2
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ - 3
(ﱰﻣﻮﻣﺮﺗ) ءﺎﳌا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد سﺎﻴﻘﻟ ناﺰﻴﻣ - 4
ﱰﻠﻓ - 5
(Min و Max) ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﴍﺆﻣ - 6
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﲆﻋ لﺪﺗ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ/لﺎﻌﺷﻹا عارذ - 7
ﻞﺒﻜﻟا
ّ
ﻒﻟ ةﺮﻜﺑ - 8
ﺲﺑﺎﻗ + ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ - 9
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔ
ّ
ﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺻو ﻞﺒﻗ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔ
ّ
ﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺖﺤﺗ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
.ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻲﻘﻓأ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ناﺮﻓﻷا قﻮﻓ وأ بﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ وأ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
."ﻒﻳووﺮﻜﻴﻣ" نﺮﻓ ﻦﻣ بﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ وأ ة
ّ
رﺎﺤﻟا زﺎﻐﻟا ناﺮﻓأ وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
ﺐﺠﻳ .ﺢﻄﺴﻟا وأ ﺔﻟوﺎﻄﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا
ّ
ﱃﺪﺘﻳ ﻻ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺪﺸﺑ ﻞﻔﻃ مﻮﻘﻳ نأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﺔﻄﻴﺤﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺐﻠﻗو
ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪ
ّ
ﻔﻟ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻞﻳﻮﻃ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ نﺎﻛ اذإ
ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﺲﻣﻼﻣ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ .(3 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ةرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻸﻟ
ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﱃإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﻻ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ
.ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺗو ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻟﻮﺼﻔﻣ
نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻓ وأ ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻞﺒﻗ
."0" ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﲆﻋ ﺔﻃﻮﻐﻀﻣ لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ﺔﻌﻓار
.ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﺗﺮﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻒﻄﺷأو غ
ّ
ﺮﻓ .ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ،ءﺎﳌا ﲇﻏأ
.تاﺮﻣ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ وأ
.بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإو جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻸﻣا
.MAX ةرﺎﺒﻋ ﰲ ﺒﳌا ﺪﺤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺗ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﻦﻣ ﱰﻟ 1,1 راﺪﻘ ءﻮﻠﻤﻣ ناﺰﺧ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ ءﺎﳌا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ
.ءﺎﳌا
.(3) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻊﺿ .ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﻖﻠﻏأ
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ﺔﻌﻓار ﻂ
ّ
ﺒﻫ .ض
ّ
رﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .(7) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﲆﻋ لﺪﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ ."1" ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﱃإ (7)
دﻮﻌﺗ .ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺊﻔﻄﻳ نﺎﻴﻠﻐﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ ءﺎﳌا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻞﺼﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﲆﻋ لﺪﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﺄﻔﻄﺗو "0" ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﱃإ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ﺔﻌﻓار
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﲇﻐﻣ ءﺎﻣ ﻖ
ّ
ﻓﺪﺗ ﺮﻄﺧ .ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻴﻠﻏ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ءﺎﻄﻏ ﺢﺘﻔﺗ ﻻ
ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﺾﺒﻗا .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﻓر ﻞﺒﻗ ةﺄﻔﻄﻣ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ﺐﻜﺳأ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ .صﺎﺨﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ
.لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﻛ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ﻲﻘﺒﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا غ
ّ
ﺮﻓ .ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا
دﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ دأ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا لﺎﻌﺷإ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﺮﻈﺘﻧا ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻴﻠﻐﻟ .ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻄﻳ ،Min ةرﺎﺒﻌﺑ ﺒﳌا
.ﻂﺒﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻋإ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ﺔ
ّ
ﻴﻟﻵ ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ
ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ تﺄﻔﻃأ اذإ وأ لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا تﺄﻔﻃأو ﺖﻠﻌﺷأ اذإ
ﺔﻟازإ" ﻊﺟار) ﺎﻬﻠﺧاد ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻛ تﺎﺒﺳﺮﺗ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،نﺎﻴﻠﻐﻟا
.("ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا
.تﺎﻔّﺜﻜﻣ ّﻻإ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣو :ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻲﻫ ،ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﺖﺤﺗ ءﺎﻣ طﺎﻘﻧ دﻮﺟو
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
ً
ﺎﻘﺣﻻ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺪﻌﺑو ﺄﻔﻄﻣ
تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةءﺎﻔﻛ ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ
ً
ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻤﻈﺘﻨﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا
.ﴍﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻣ ءﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .اوﻷا
. درﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ لﻋﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
UA
ǽǾǼȄdzǷǽǼǿǥǯǻǶǸ
ɉɨɩɪɢ ɬɟ ɳɨ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɢ ɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɿ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯ
ɞɿɸɱɢɯɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɿɜɬɚɦɚɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɫɿɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨ
ɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɰɹɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢ ɡɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɿ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ
ɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ Ɂɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟ ɰɟɣ ɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤ ɭ ɞɨ-
ɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢ
ɰɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɧɲɨɦɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɞɥɹɤɢɩɹɬɿɧɧɹɜɨɞɢȼɢɪɨɛ-
ɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɢɜ ɛɭɞɶɹɤɟ ɿɧɲɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɰɟ
ɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɽ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɿɞ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚ ɡɛɢɬɤɢ ɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ
ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢ-
ɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɸɭɜɫɿɯʀʀɩɪɨɹɜɚɯ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǽǾǼǼǽǥǸǶ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɜɢɳɟ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɫɧɭɽɪɢɡɢɤɛɪɢ-
ɡɨɤɤɢɩɥɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɩɨʀɜɬɚɩɿɞɱɚɫɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɛɭɞɶɬɟɭɜɚɠɧɿɳɨɛɧɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɜɚɬɢɡɝɚɪɹ-
ɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜ
ɉɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɱɚɣɧɢɤɚ ɭɧɢɤɚɣɬɟ ɤɨɧ-
ɬɚɤɬɭɡɩɚɪɨɸɳɨɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɡɧɨɫɢɤɚɿɡɩɿɞ
ɤɪɢɲɤɢ
ɁȺɋɌȿɊȿɀȿɇɇə ɧɟ ɡɧɿɦɚɣɬɟ ɤɪɢɲɤɭ
ɩɨɤɢɜɨɞɚɤɢɩɢɬɶ
ɉɿɞɧɿɦɚɣɬɟɱɚɣɧɢɤɡɚɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɭɪɭɱɤɭ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɇɚɦɚɝɚɣɬɟɫɶɧɟɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɶɞɨɱɚɣɧɢɤɚ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǵǯdzǵǽdzǸǶ
ɎȽȻɁɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɄɍɀȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲȳɊɀ-
ɋɀȿɊɉɒȻɍɅɉɇȽɃɅɉɋɃɌɍȻɈɈɚ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɬɚɜɭɦɨɜɚɯɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯɞɨ
ɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɚɫɚɦɟ
ɧɚɤɭɯɧɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɿɜɨɮɿɫɿɜɬɚ
ɭɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ
ɭɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɥɿɽɧɬɚɦɢ ɝɨɬɟɥɿɜ ɦɨɬɟɥɿɜ ɬɚ
ɿɧɲɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ
ɭɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯɬɢɩɭ©EHGDQGEUHDNIDVWª
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɟɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢ ɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭ ɭɩɚ-
ɤɨɜɤɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɿɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɿɩɨɫɥɭɝɢ
ɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɨɥɨɦɨɤɫɩɪɢɱɢ-
ɧɟɧɢɯɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɸɜɢɪɨɛɭɩɿɞɱɚɫ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɿɫ-
ɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɱɢɯ ɳɨ ɧɟ ɧɚɥɟ-
ɠɚɬɶɞɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɯɚɛɨɧɚɞɚɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛ-
ɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɪɢɡɢɤɭ
ɩɨɠɟɠɿ ɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦ ɫɬɪɭɦɨɦ ɬɚ
ɦɨɠɟɡɚɜɞɚɬɢɲɤɨɞɭɥɸɞɹɦ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭ ȯɋ ʋ
 ɜɿɞ  ɳɨɞɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜ
ɹɤɿɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɸɬɶɡɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɶ ɞɿɬɶɦɢ
ɫɬɚɪɲɟɪɨɤɿɜɨɫɨɛɚɦɢɡɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɦɢɮɿ-
ɡɢɱɧɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɦɢɚɛɨɪɨɡɭɦɨɜɢɦɢɦɨɠ-
ɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢɨɫɨɛɢɹɤɿɧɟɦɚɸɬɶɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɝɨ
ɞɨɫɜɿɞɭɱɢɡɧɚɧɶɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢ-
ɫɬɪɨɽɦɥɢɲɟɹɤɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹ-
ɞɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɜɱɟɧɿ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɶ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɿɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸɸɬɶɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɭɜɿɞɧɟ-
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ

ɉɪɠɫɛɱʀʁ ɲɣɬɭɥɣ ʀ ɭɠɰɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɬɦɮɞɩ-
ɝɮɝɛɨɨɺɢɜɩɥɮɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɲɛɨɠɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ
ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɭɣɬɺɟʀɭɷɧɣɺɥʀɧɩɦɩɟɳʀɫɩ-
ɥʀɝɭɛɨɠɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɭɷɪʀɟɨɛɞɦɺɟɩɧ
Ɋɫɣɦɛɟɭɛɥɛɜɠɦɷɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺɪɩɝɣɨɨʀɜɮɭɣ
ɨɠɟɩɬɭɮɪɨɣɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɺɥʀ ɧɩɦɩɟɳʀ 
ɫɩɥʀɝ
Ⱦɿɬɹɦɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɝɪɚɬɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ
ɇɟ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɡɜɢɫɚɬɢ ɭ ɦɿɫɰɹɯ ɞɟ
ɣɨɝɨɦɨɠɟɫɯɨɩɢɬɢɞɢɬɢɧɚ
ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹ
ɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɿɬɶɦɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦɩɨ-
ɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨʀɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
ɍɪɚɡɿɹɤɳɨɰɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹɭɹɤɨ-
ɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɣɨɝɨ
ɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɚɜɲɢ
ɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɄɪɿɦɬɨɝɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɩɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹɡɭɫɿɦɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɳɨ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ ɪɢɡɢɤ ɨɫɨ-
ɛɥɢɜɨɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɥɹɿɝɨɪ
Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟ ɜɢɥɤɭ ɡ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɱɚɣɧɢɤ ɧɟ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɬɚɳɨɪɚɡɭɩɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɚɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɜɢɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɿɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥ-
ɤɭ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱ-
ɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭ ɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɱɚɣɧɢɤ
ɜɨɞɨɸɇɟɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɣɬɟɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɨɸ0$;
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɭ ɜɨɞɭ
ɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɿɞ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸ ɧɚɩɪɭɝɨɸ ɞɨ ɜɨɞɢ ɪɢɡɢɤ ɤɨ-
ɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɡɚɦɢɤɚɧɧɹɿɚɛɨɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱ-
ɧɢɦɫɬɪɭɦɨɦ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɟɡɧɚɝɥɹɞɭɤɨɥɢɜɿɧ
ɩɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɢɣɞɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɿ ɡɚɥɢ-
ɲɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɿɫɥɹ
ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ɹɤɳɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿ ɨɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ
ɚɛɨ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɢɬɿɤɚɽ ɜɨɞɚ Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ ɹɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢ-
ɜɥɟɧɧɹɱɢɜɢɥɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɿɚɛɨɹɤɳɨɫɚɦ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣɍɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢɡɚɦɿɧɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ
ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ
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ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɫɬɚɦɢ ©$ULHWHª ɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɛɭɞɶ
ɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɭ ɩɪɢ-
ɦɿɳɟɧɧɿɡɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦ ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹɦɬɚɡɥɟɝɤɨ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɸɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɸ
ɍȼȺȽȺɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢ-
ɥɚɞɨɦɧɚɩɨɯɢɥɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɍȼȺȽȺ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɳɨ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɣ ɩɟɪɲ ɧɿɠ ɡɧɿɦɚɬɢ ɱɚɣɧɢɤ ɡ ɩɿɞ-
ɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɇɟ ɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɬɪɢɦɚɸɱɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚ
ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɚɛɨ ɡɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɛɪɚɬɢɡɚɪɭɱɤɭ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧ-
ɧɹɿɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ
ɛɭɬɢɱɢɫɬɨɸɿɫɨɯɨɸ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɜɢɳɟ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɫɧɭɽɪɢɡɢɤɛɪɢ-
ɡɨɤɤɢɩɥɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɳɨɤɪɢɲɤɚɧɚɱɚɣɧɢɤɭɜɫɬɚ-
ɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɜɦɢɤɚɬɢɩɪɢ-
ɫɬɪɿɣ
ɇɟɜɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɱɚɣɧɢɤɛɟɡɜɨɞɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɝɚɪɹ-
ɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɚɛɨɤɢɩɹɬɤɨɦ
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɇɟ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ
ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɝɨɬɚɣɦɟɪɭɚɛɨɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɿɣɧɨɤɟɪɨ-
ɜɚɧɢɯɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɇɟ ɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɝɚɪɹɱɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɨɧɶ ȼɢɤɨ-
ɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɚɛɨɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɭ
ɜɨɞɭɡɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɨɦɜɭɝɥɟɰɸ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ ɧɚ
ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɿ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɞɚɛɨɩɨ-
ɪɭɱɡɝɚɡɨɜɢɦɢɬɚɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɢɩɥɢɬɤɚɦɢ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɿɞɞɿɽɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ
ɹɜɢɳɞɨɳɫɨɧɰɟɿɬɩ
ɉɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤɜɢɥɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɨɚ
ɝɚɪɹɱɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɥɢ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɦɨɠɧɚ
ɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸ
ɡɥɟɝɤɚɡɦɨɱɟɧɨɸɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɦɚɤɪɚɩɥɹɦɢɧɟɣ-
ɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɚɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɸɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɨɛɭ
ɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɪɨɡɱɢɧɧɢɤɢ ɳɨ ɩɨɲɤɨ-
ɞɠɭɸɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɢɤ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɜɢɪɨɛɭ ɜɿɞ-
ɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɢ
ȯɋ ɫɥɿɞ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶ-
ɧɢɣɚɪɤɭɲɳɨɞɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɞɨɜɢɪɨɛɭ
 ɂȼɀɋȲȾȻɄɍɀɑəȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲə
ǼǽǶǿǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
 Ʉɪɢɲɤɚ
 ɑɚɣɧɢɤ
 ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
 Ɍɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɜɨɞɢ
 Ɏɿɥɶɬɪ
 ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɿɜɧɹɜɨɞɢ0D[ɿ0LQ
 ȼɚɠɿɥɶɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɨɛɨɬɢ
 Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɢɣɤɚɧɚɥ
 Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɢɥɤɚ
ǽdzǾdzDzǽǼȅǮȀǸǼǺǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ǰȐȓȒȓțțȭȐȓȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȳȬ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɞɨɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶ
ɳɨɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɳɨɜɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɹɤɚɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɧɚɩɪɭɡɿɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɊɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɧɚɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɿɣɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧ-
ɧɹɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɚɛɨɧɚɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɢɬɚɝɚɡɨɜɢɦɢɩɟɱɚɦɢɚ
ɬɚɤɨɠɛɿɥɹɦɿɤɪɨɯɜɢɥɶɨɜɢɯɩɟɱɟɣ
ɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟɬɨɝɨɳɨɛɤɚɛɟɥɶɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɜɡɚɤɪɚɣɫɬɨɥɭɚɛɨ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟɬɨɝɨɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɫɯɨɩɢɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɦɨɝ-
ɥɢɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
əɤɳɨɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɞɨɜɝɢɣɧɚɦɨɬɚɣɬɟɣɨɝɨ
ɩɿɞ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɨɸ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ Ɋɢɫ  Ʉɚɛɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ
ɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɚɤɢɦɱɢɧɨɦɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɧɟɦɨɝɥɢɞɿ-
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥǦǵǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɧɚɥɢɜɚɧɧɹɬɚɜɢɥɢɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭ-
ɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɱɚɣɧɢɤɨɦɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɢɦɜɿɞɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɢɦɹɤɩɿɞɽɞɧɭɜɚɬɢɚɛɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɿɞ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɳɨ ɜɚɠɿɥɶ ɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɯɨ-
ɞɢɬɶɫɹɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɿ³´
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɱɚɣɧɢɤɛɟɡɜɨɞɢ
ɊɫɣɪɠɫɳɩɧɮɝɝʀɧɥɨɠɨɨʀɪɫɣɬɭɫɩɹɬɥɣɪɺɭʀɭɷɝɩɟɮɌɪɩ-
ɫɩɡɨʀɭɷ ʀ ɪɫɩɧɣɤɭɠ ɲɛɤɨɣɥ Ɋɩɝɭɩɫʀɭɷ ɱɹ ɩɪɠɫɛɱʀɹ ɟɝɛ
ɛɜɩɭɫɣɫɛɢɣ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɱɚɣɧɢɤɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɛɚɠɚɧɨɝɨɪɿɜɧɹ
Ɉɠɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɤɭɠɫʀɝɠɨɷɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɣɤɝʀɟɧʀɭɥɩɹ0$;
ɍɠɫɧɩɧɠɭɫɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣɝɩɟɣɪɫɛɱɹɾɭʀɦɷɥɣɢɛɮɧɩɝɣɴɩ
ɮɭɛɨɥɛɢɛɦɣɭɩɦʀɭɫɛɝɩɟɣ
Ɂɚɤɪɢɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɭɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦɉɟɪɟ-
ɜɟɞɿɬɶɜɚɠɿɥɶɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ³´ȼɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹɫɜɿɬɥɨɜɢɣ
ɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɄɨɥɢɜɨɞɚɞɨɫɹɝɚɽɬɨɱɤɢɤɢɩɿɧɧɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨȼɚɠɿɥɶɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɟɪɬɚɽɬɶɫɹɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ³´ɚɿɧ-
ɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɨɛɨɬɢɝɚɫɧɟ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭ ɱɚɣɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɤɢ ɜɨɞɚ ɤɢɩɢɬɶ ɇɟ-
ɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɛɪɢɡɨɤɤɢɩɥɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɱɚɣɧɢɤɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɣɩɟɪɲɧɿɠ ɡɧɿɦɚɬɢɣɨɝɨɡɩɿɞ-
ɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ Ȼɟɪɿɬɶ ɱɚɣɧɢɤ ɡɚ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɭ ɪɭɱɤɭ ȼɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟ
ɱɚɣɧɢɤɜɿɞɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɇɚɥɢɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɭɱɚɲɤɢɉɿɫɥɹɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɢɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɳɨɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹɭɱɚɣɧɢɤɭ
əɤɳɨɭɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢɱɚɣɧɢɤɤɨɥɢɪɿɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɢɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɧɢɠɱɢɣɡɚɪɿɜɟɧɶ
ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɨɸ³0LQ´ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɓɨɛ
ɡɧɨɜɭɫɤɢɩɹɬɢɬɢɜɨɞɭɩɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɱɢɩɪɢ-
ɫɬɪɨɸɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɨɛɨɱɢɣɫɬɚɧ
ɚɥɴɩ ɲɛɤɨɣɥ ɝɧɣɥɛɾɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɝɣɧɣɥɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɝɣɥɩɫɣ-
ɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɳ ɨʀɡ ɟɩɬɺɞɭɣ ɥɣɪʀɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɬɺ ɴɩ ɮ
ɪɫɣɬɭɫɩʁɨɠɨɛɥɩɪɣɲɣɝɬɺɨɛɥɣɪɟɣɝ´Ƚɣɟɛɦɠɨɨɺɨɛɥɣɪɮµ
Ɋɫɣɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷɥɫɛɪɠɦɷɝɩɟɣɪʀɟɲɛɤɨɣɥɩɧɱɠɱʀɦɥɩɧɨɩɫ-
ɧɛɦɷɨɠɺɝɣɴɠɱɠɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɣɤɥɩɨɟɠɨɬɛɭ
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ȼɫɿɨɩɢɫɚɧɿɧɢɠɱɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɤɨɥɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɢɣɚ ɜɢɥɤɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɚ
ɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣ ɞɨɝɥɹɞ ɿ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢ
ɩɪɚɰɟɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɿɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶ ɣɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɤɫɥɭɠ-
ɛɢɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɦɢɬɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɭɩɨɫɭɞɨ-
ɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɹɦɿɫɬɪɭɦɢɜɨɞɢ
ȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɯɨɥɨɞɧɢɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȥȎȗțȖȘȎȳȝȳȒȟȠȎȐȘȖȔȖȐșȓțțȭ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɦɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿ
ɑɢɫɬɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɜɨɥɨɝɨʀɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨʀɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɢɳɨɛɧɟ
ɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɤɨɪɩɭɫȼɢɬɢɪɚɣɬɟɞɨɫɭɯɚ
ȂȳșȪȠȞ
ȼɿɞɤɪɢɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭ Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟ ɡɱɚɣɧɢɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪ ɉɨɦɢɣɬɟ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɩɿɞ
ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɸ ɜɨɞɨɸ Ɂɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɦ¶ɹɤɨɸ ɳɿɬɤɨɸ
ɉɪɨɦɢɣɬɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɸ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɸ ɜɨɞɢ ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ ɮɿɥɶɬɪ ɭ ɱɚɣɧɢɤ ɍ
ɹɤɨɫɬɿɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢɦɨɠɧɚɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɱɚɣɧɢɤɭɬɚɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ
ɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɭɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ
ǰȖȒȎșȓțțȭțȎȘȖȝȡ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɿɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɪɨ-
ɛɨɱɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɿɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶɣɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɢɡɧɚɱɧɨɡɧɢɠɭɸɱɢɪɢɡɢɤ
ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɿəɤɳɨɩɨɩɪɢɜɫɿɡɚɯɨɞɢɡɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɱɟ-
ɪɟɡɩɟɜɧɢɣɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɚɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɨɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɡɚɝɪɨɡɨɸɱɟɪɟɡɱɚɫɬɟ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɠɨɪɫɬɤɨʀɚɛɨɜɚɩɧɢɫɬɨʀɜɨɞɢɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢɜɢɞɚɥɟɧ-
ɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɡɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɳɨɛɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɞɥɹɰɶɨɝɨɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɿɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɿɥɢɦɨɧɧɨʀɤɢɫɥɨɬɢɐɟɣɡɚɫɿɛɦɨɠɧɚɩɪɢɞɛɚɬɢɭɰɟɧɬɪɚɯɬɟɯ-
ɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ$ULHWHɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɩɨɲɤɨ-
ɞɠɟɧɧɹɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɳɨɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧ-
ɧɹɦɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯɡɚɫɨɛɿɜɡɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤɍ
ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɶɜɤɚɡɿɜɨɤɳɨ
ɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɿɜɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀɞɨɡɚɫɨɛɭɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨɜɩɨɥɧɨɦ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦɢɜɫɟ
ɟɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ
ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢ ɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨ-
ɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭ-
ɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
ɆɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɅɸɛɨɣɞɪɭ-
ɝɨɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢ-
ɬɟɥɟɦɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɟɝɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɨɜɪɟɠɞɟ-
ɧɢɹɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɧɟɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɜɥɟɱɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɨɬɦɟɧɭɥɸɛɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ǺdzǾȉǽǾdzDzǼǿȀǼǾǼǴǻǼǿȀǶ
DzǹȍǽǾdzDzǼȀǰǾǮȇdzǻǶȍǼǴǼ-
DZǼǰ
ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜɵɲɟ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹȼɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɫɬɶ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɩɢɬɤɨɜ ɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɩɪɹɦɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɦɤɬɚɫɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɨɣ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɪɟɤɨ-
ɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɫɝɨɪɹɱɢɦɩɚ-
ɪɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɨɫɢɤ
ɢɥɢɱɟɪɟɡɤɪɵɲɤɭ
ɆȿɊɕ ɉɊȿȾɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈɋɌɂɇɟ
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɡɚɤɢɩɚ-
ɧɢɹɜɨɞɵ
ɉɨɞɧɹɬɶɱɚɣɧɢɤɡɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɭɱɤɭ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɟɬ-
ɫɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɤ
ɱɚɣɧɢɤɭ
ǽǾǮǰǶǹǮȀdzȃǻǶǸǶǯdzǵǼǽǮǿ-
ǻǼǿȀǶ
Ɋɀɋɀȿ ɊɀɋȽɖɇ ɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃ-
ɀɇ ɊɋɃȼɉɋȻ ɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉ ȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉ ɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗ ɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎə
ɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ-
ɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɥɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɫ
ɧɢɦɢɤɚɤɬɨ
ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜ
ɨɮɢɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ɧɚɮɟɪɦɚɯ
ɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɦɨ-
ɬɟɥɟɣɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɠɢɥɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ-
ɪɚ
ɜɦɟɫɬɚɯɬɢɩɚɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨ-
ɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚ-
ɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɰɟɧɬɪɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɨɜ ɧɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨ-
ɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ
ɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɭɞɚɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɨɤɚ ɢɥɢ
ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹɜɪɟɞɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨ-
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ(&ʋɨɬɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɫɩɢɳɟɜɵɦɢ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɦɨɝɭɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɟɬɢɦɥɚɞɲɟ
ɥɟɬɢ ɥɢɰɚɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢɢɥɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹ-
ɦɢɥɢɛɨɛɟɡɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚɢɥɢɡɧɚɧɢɣ
ɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɨɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɡɚ
ɢɯɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɥɢɰɚɢɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɨɛɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ

ɒɣɬɭɥɛɣɭɠɰɩɜɬɦɮɡɣɝɛɨɣɠɮɬɭɫɩɤɬɭɝɛ
ɧɩɞɮɭɜɶɭɷɟɩɝɠɫɠɨɶɟɠɭɺɧɨɠɧɦɛɟɳɠ
ɦɠɭɣɭɩɦɷɥɩɪɩɟɨɛɜɦɹɟɠɨɣɠɧɝɢɫɩɬ-
ɦɶɰ
ȿɠɫɡɣɭɠ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɣ ɳɨɮɫɸɦɠɥɭɫɩɪɣɭɛɨɣɺ
ɝɧɠɬɭɠɨɠɟɩɬɭɮɪɨɩɧɟɦɺɟɠɭɠɤɧɦɛɟɳɠ
ɦɠɭ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦɢɝɪɚɬɶɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ-
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣɦɟɫɬɟ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜ-
ɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩ-
ɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢɥɢɡɚ-
ɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɞɟɥɚɜ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɡɚ
ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
Ɉɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɜɢɥɤɭ ɨɬ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɤɢɩɹ-
ɬɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ
ɪɚɡ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɢ ɨɬɫɨ-
ɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɞ
ɬɟɦɤɚɤɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɱɚɣɧɢɤɜɨɞɨɣɁɚɩɪɟɳɚ-
ɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨ-
ɫɬɢ
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɧɚɯɨ-
ɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɞɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɪɨɬ-
ɤɨɝɨɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹɢɢɥɢɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ɇɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɨɞ-
ɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɷɤɫ-
ɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ-
ɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɨɨɧɧɟ
ɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɧɚ-
ɥɢɱɢɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ
ɜɨɞɵ ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɲɧɭɪɟɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɟɚɬɚɤɠɟɜ
ɫɚɦɨɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɅɸɛɵɟɜɢɞɵɪɟɦɨɧɬɚɜɤɥɸ-
ɱɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɭɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ
Ⱥɪɢɷɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚ-
ɥɨɦ$ULHWHɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɜɯɨɪɨɲɨɨɫ-
ɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɟɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɫɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣɪɨ-
ɡɟɬɤɨɣ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚ
ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɫɧɹɬɶɱɚɣɧɢɤ
ɫɛɚɡɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɧ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɡɫɟɬɢ
ɋɧɢɦɚɬɶɱɚɣɧɢɤɫɛɚɡɵɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɬɨɥɶ-
ɤɨɞɟɪɠɚɟɝɨɡɚɪɭɱɤɭɚɧɟɡɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɢɥɢɡɚ
ɫɚɦɭɛɚɡɭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɝɪɟ-
ɜɚɸɳɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɛɚɡɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɛɵɥɚɜ
ɱɢɫɬɨɦɢɫɭɯɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜɵɲɟ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹȼɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɫɬɶ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
ɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɟɝɨɤɪɵɲɤɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ-
ɧɨɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɱɚɣɧɢɤɛɟɡɜɨɞɵ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɱɚɣɧɢɤɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ
ɢɥɢɤɢɩɹɳɟɣɜɨɞɨɣ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɱɚɫɬɹɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨ-
ɳɶɸɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɢɥɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɡɚɤɚ-
ɡɚɧɧɵɯɩɨɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɭ
ɇɟ ɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ-
ɫɬɟɣɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɢɥɢɬɪɹɩɤɢ
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɫ ɞɨ-
ɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨɝɚɡɚ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚ
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɧɟɩɨ-
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢɨɬɝɚɡɨɜɨɣɢɥɢɷɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɥɢɬɵ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɦɨɫ-
ɮɟɪɧɵɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɞɨɠɞɹɫɨɥɧɰɚɢɬɞ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɥɤɢ ɨɬ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ ɢ
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɧɟ-
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɟɝɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɫɥɟɝɤɚɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɧɨɣɦɹɝɤɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɫɞɨɛɚɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɟɦɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɸɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ
ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɬɢ-
ɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣȾɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ
(8 ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ
ɫɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɩɚɦɹɬɤɨɣ
 ɐɋȻɈɃɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɀɀɋɎɅɉȽɉȿ-
ɌɍȽɉɊɉɘɅɌɊɆɎȻɍȻɑɃɃ
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
 Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ
 Ʉɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤ
 Ȼɚɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
 Ɍɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɨɞɵ
 Ɏɢɥɶɬɪ
 ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɭɪɨɜɧɹɜɨɞɵ0D[ɢ0LQ
 Ɋɵɱɚɝɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɚɛɨɬɵ
 Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɣɛɚɪɚɛɚɧ
 ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɲɧɭɪɜɢɥɤɚ
ǽǼDzDZǼȀǼǰǶȀdzǹȊǻȉdzȂǮǵȉǽdzǾdzDz
ǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzǺ
ǽȜȒȑȜȠȜȐȘȎȘȫȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȖȖ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɤɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ-
ɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɜɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɫɟɬɢɭɤɚ-
ɡɚɧɧɨɦɭɧɚɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɣɤɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢ-
ɤɭɉɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɥɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɛɥɢɡɢ
ɢɥɢɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɬɨɣɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɥɢɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɟɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟɜɛɥɢɡɢɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣɩɟɱɢ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹɫɨ
ɫɬɨɥɚɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɬɶɞɟɬɹɦɞɟɪɝɚɬɶɡɚɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢ-
ɬɚɧɢɹɱɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɬɢɤɩɚɞɟɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȿɫɥɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɞɥɢɧɧɵɣɡɚɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ
ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɛɚɡɨɣ Ɋɢɫ  ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɱɚɫɬɹɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɛɵɥɢ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɜɨɞɨɣɢɥɢɜɵɥɢɜɚɬɶɜɨɞɭɢɡɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɧɨ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣɨɬɫɟɬɢɛɚɡɟ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɢɥɢɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɱɚɣɧɢɤɤ
ɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɪɵɱɚɝɜɤɥɸ-
ɱɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɛɟɡɜɨɞɵ
Ɋɫɣɪɠɫɝɩɧɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɨɠɩɜɰɩɟɣɧɩɪɫɩɥɣ-
ɪɺɭɣɭɷɝ ɨɠɧɨɠɧɨɩɞɩɝɩɟɶ Ƚɶɦɣɭɷɣɢɨɠɞɩ ɝɬɠɣɩɪɩ-
ɦɩɬɨɮɭɷɝɩɟɩɤɊɩɝɭɩɫɣɭɷɸɭɮɩɪɠɫɛɱɣɹɟɝɛɣɦɣɭɫɣɫɛɢɛ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɱɚɣɧɢɤɫɜɟɠɟɣɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɂɛɪɫɠɴɛɠɭɬɺɪɫɠɝɶɳɛɭɷɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɶɤɮɫɩɝɠɨɷ
ɍɠɫɧɩɧɠɭɫɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɶɝɩɟɶɫɛɜɩɭɛɠɭɭɩɦɷɥɩɝɭɩɧɬɦɮ-
ɲɛɠɠɬɦɣɝɲɛɤɨɣɥɜɶɦɩɢɛɦɣɭɩɦɣɭɫɛɝɩɟɶ
Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɭɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɧɚɛɚɡɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦ-
ɥɟɧɢɟɦɈɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ  ɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ  Ɂɚɝɨɪɢɬɫɹ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ  Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɡɚɤɢɩɢɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɜɵ-
ɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ ɫɚɦ Ɋɭɱɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ  ɢ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɝɚɫɧɟɬ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɭɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɚɤɨɝ-
ɞɚ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɤɢɩɢɬ ɜɨɞɚ Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɛɪɵɡɝ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɩɨɞɧɹɬɶɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɫɛɚɡɵɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɧ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɢɡ ɫɟɬɢ Ȼɪɚɬɶ ɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ
ɪɭɱɤɭɋɧɹɬɶɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɫɛɚɡɵɇɚɥɢɬɶɜɨɞɭɜɱɚɲɤɢɉɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨ-
ɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɵɥɢɬɶɨɫɬɚɜɲɭɸɫɹɜɨɞɭɢɡɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ
ȿɫɥɢɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɱɚɣɧɢɤɩɪɢɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɞɵɧɢɠɟɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɚɦɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɧɚɱɚɬɶɧɨɜɵɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɞɢɦɨɩɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɱɬɨɛɵɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦɨɝɥɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ
ɀɬɦɣɲɛɤɨɣɥɝɥɦɹɲɛɠɭɬɺɣɝɶɥɦɹɲɛɠɭɬɺɬɛɧɝɩɝɫɠɧɺɥɣ-
ɪɺɲɠɨɣɺɝɩɟɶɣɦɣɡɠɝɶɥɦɹɲɛɠɭɬɺɫɛɨɷɳɠɲɠɧɝɩɟɛɢɛ-
ɥɣɪɣɭɨɠɩɜɰɩɟɣɧɩɪɫɩɝɠɫɣɭɷɠɞɩɨɛɨɛɦɣɲɣɠɨɛɥɣɪɣɬɧ
Ɏɟɛɦɠɨɣɠɨɛɥɣɪɣ
Ɋɫɣɬɮɭɬɭɝɣɠɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɣɰɥɛɪɠɦɠɥɝɩɟɶɪɩɟɥɣɪɺɭɣɦɷɨɣɥɩɧ
ɬɩɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɩɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɩɸɭɩɭɩɦɷɥɩɥɩɨɟɠɨɬɛɭ
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɥɸɛɵɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣɩɨɱɢɫɬɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɟɝɨɢɜɵɬɚɳɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɉɪɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɢɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɨ-
ɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜ-
ɧɨɟɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹɦɵɬɶɟɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɩɨɫɭ-
ɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟɇɟɥɶɡɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɹɦɵɟɫɬɪɭɢ
ɜɨɞɵ
Ʌɸɛɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȖȝȭȠȖșȪțȖȘȎȖȏȎȕȩ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɦɵɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɱɢɫɬɤɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɥɚɠɧɭɸɬɤɚɧɶɢɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜ-
ɧɵɟɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɱɬɨɛɵɧɟɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɟɝɨɤɨɪɩɭɫȼɵɫɭɲɢɬɶ
ȂȖșȪȠȞ
Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɭɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɢɡɱɚɣɧɢɤɚɉɪɨɦɵɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɩɨɞ
ɫɬɪɭɟɣɜɨɞɵȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɦɹɝɤɭɸɳɟɬɤɭ
Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɩɨɥɨɫɧɭɬɶɜɨɞɨɣ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɱɚɣɧɢɤȼɩɪɨ-
ɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɠɧɨɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɱɚɣɧɢɤɟɢɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɞɟɤɚɥɶ-
ɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɤɚɤɷɬɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
ȁȒȎșȓțȖȓȖȕȐȓȟȠȘȜȐȜȑȜțȎșȓȠȎ
ɋɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɨ ɭɯɨɞɭ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨ-
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɫɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚɪɢɫɤ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢȿɫɥɢɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɷɬɨɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɧɨɪ-
ɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɛɭɞɟɬɜɫɟ ɠɟɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɨɢɡɡɚ
ɱɚɫɬɨɝɨɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɠɟɫɬɤɨɣɢɫɢɥɶɧɨɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵɧɟ-
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɩɨɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɥɹɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɷɬɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵȾɥɹɷɬɨɣɰɟɥɢɩɪɢ-
ɦɟɧɹɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵɗɬɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯȺɪɢ-
ɷɬɟɧɟɧɟɫɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ
ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɜɥɟɤɥɨ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɜɟ-
ɞɟɧɢɹɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹɫɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣ
ɩɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ǰȉǰǼDzǶǵȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɫɟɬɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɈɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɬɫɟɬɢ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɫɪɨɤɚɟɝɨɫɥɭɠɛɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶɞɪɭɝɨɬɞɪɭɝɚɟɝɨɱɚɫɬɢɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶɢɯɭɬɢ-
ɥɢɡɚɰɢɸɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɢɩɨɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɧɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ
ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɫɬɪɚɧɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ⱦɚɬɚ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ
ɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
\U±ɝɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊɌɋ©Ɉɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɬ-
ɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭ-
ɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
ɌɊ Ɍɋ  ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜªɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋ
ɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢ
ɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ȼaȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈ©ɊɭɆɟɬɚª
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɄɪɚɫɧɨɩɪɨɥɟɬɚɪɫɤɚɹ
ɞɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɷɬɚɠɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ,,ɤɨɦɧɚɬɚ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɄɪɚɫɧɨɩɪɨɥɟɬɚɪɫɤɚɹ
ɞɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɷɬɚɠɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ,,ɤɨɦɧɚɬɚ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H¶/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅª
ȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ
ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣɢɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧ
ɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚ-
ɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢ
ɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗو ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎ
ّ
ﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ
ﻢﺴﺟ ﻒﻠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﺔﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ ﺔﺒﻃر شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒ
ّ
ﻈﻧ
.ﻒ
ّ
ﻔﺟ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﱰﻠﻓ
ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .يرﺎﺠﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺖﺤﺗ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒﻄﺷأ .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا .ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺢﺘﻓا
ًﻻﺪﺑ .ﺔّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻊﺿ .ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ةﺮﻓاو ﺔﻴﻤﻜﺑ ﻒﻄﺷأ .موﺰﻠﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ
ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ أﺪﺑا ﻢﺛ ،ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﱰﻠﻔﻟا كﺮﺗأ ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻋ
.ﺔﻘﺣﻼﻟا ةﺮﻘﻔﻟا ﰲ ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ
ﻦﻣ
ً
ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺪﺤﻟاو ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻪﺘﻴﻟﺎ
ّ
ﻌﻓ ﲆﻋو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
ﲆﻋ .ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﻔﻴﻈﻨﺗو ﻪﺘﻧﺎﻴﺻ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ،ﻪﻠﺧاد ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ
يﺬﻟا ﺴﻌﻟا ءﻠﻟ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺐﺴﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺛﺄﺗ اذإ ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا
تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ
تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟو .ﻞﻠﺨﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا
ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﰲ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا اﺬﻫ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﻦﻜ .ﻚﻳﱰﺴﻟا ﺾﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا
ﻖﺤﻠﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا راﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟوﺆﺴﻣ يأ Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌا
ﺎﻬﺋاﻮﺘﺣﻻ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ،ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻏ تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷﺎﺑ
ﺪﻴﻘﺘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺖﻋد اذإ .ﺔﻳوﻴﻛ تﺎﻓﺎﻀﻣ ﲆﻋ
ﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا فﺎﻘﻳإ
ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ
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ﻗ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻪﻠﺼﻓ ﺐﺠﻳ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻂﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
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