170687
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ,ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
15
Ƚɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɩɥɢɬɚ RU
ɍɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ!
Ƚɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɢɬɚ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
(ɪɟɰɢɤɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ), ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɚɬɶ ɛɟɡ
ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ.
Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ȼɚɲɚ ɦɚɲɢɧɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɥɚ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ, ɫɞɚɣɬɟ ɟɺ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɫɛɨɪɭ
ɨɬɫɥɭɠɢɜɲɢɯ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ.
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ.
ȼ ɧɺɦ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦ. Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɢɬ,
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɚɲ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ.
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ, ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɤ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɦ ɢ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ.
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɱɤɚ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɱɤɚ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɚ
ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ.
ȼɚɠɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ....................................... 16
ɋɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɋɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ȼɚɠɧɵɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ................................... 17
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ..................................... 17
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɜɚɪɤɢ ...................... 18
ȼɚɠɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ
ɜɚɪɤɢ
ɉɪɢɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɤ
ɉɨɫɭɞɚ
ɍɯɨɞ ɢ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ............................ 20
Ɇɟɫɬɚ ɜɚɪɤɢ
ɋɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɍɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ 21
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ȼɚɠɧɨ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɭ............................ 22
ȼɚɠɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɜɵɪɟɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɨɤ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ
ȼɚɠɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɉɟɪɟɞɟɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɝɚɡɚ
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɫɨɩɥ
170687
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ,ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
16
ȼɚɠɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
x Ⱥɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɪɧɢɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ
ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
x ɉɪɢ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɤ ɜ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɚɬɫɹ
ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɢ ɜɥɚɝɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɝɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɩɥɢɬɚ. Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɨɬɩɢɪɚɧɢɟ ɨɤɨɧ ɢɥɢ ɞɜɟɪɟɣ. ɉɪɢ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɢ ɞɨɥɶɲɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɟɣɲɟɟ
ɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢ.
x Ƚɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɧɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɣɬɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɝɚɡ ɧɟ ɝɨɪɢɬ ɫ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɦ.
x ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɟɬɟ ɝɚɡ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ,
ɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ
ɧɚ ɛɚɥɥɨɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɤɟ, ɩɨɝɚɫɢɬɟ
ɜɫɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɨɝɧɹ (ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɚɩɢɪɨɫɭ), ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɬɟ, ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɡɨɜɢɬɟ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ
x Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɞɜɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ
ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɧɟ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɟ ɞɨɥɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ (ɧɚɩɪ.ɨɬɶɟɡɞ ɜ
ɤɚɧɢɤɭɥɵ).
x ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɬɫɹ (ɨɤɨɥɨ ɦɟɫɬ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɢɳɢ). ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ., ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɬɢ ɧɟ
ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɭ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɭɜɟɞɨɦɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɨɛ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɠɨɝɨɜ.
x ɉɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɵɣ ɠɢɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɡɚɝɨɪɟɬɶɫɹ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɛɥɸɞɚ ɫ ɠɢɪɨɦ
ɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɥɨɦ (ɧɚɩɪ. ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ
ɮɪɢ)
ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ.
x ɇɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɧɟɬ
ɩɨɫɭɞɵ.
x Ⱥɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ.
x ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɬɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ
.
ɋɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɚɹ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɋɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɣ ɬɪɹɩɨɱɤɢ ɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɟɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ
ɦɵɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ.
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɤɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɝɪɭɛɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɰɚɪɚɩɢɧɵ, ɦɨɱɚɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɫɭɞɵ, ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɠɚɜɱɢɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɹɬɟɧ.
ɋɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ȼɚɠɧɵɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ
x ɋɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɢɬɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɱɧɚɹ,
ɧɨ ɨɫɬɪɵɟ ɢ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ, ɩɪɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ
ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɟɟ.
x ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɤɢ, ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɨɣ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɞɚɪɚ ɬɨɤɨɦ. ȼ
ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ
ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ ɢ ɨɬɜɢɧɬɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɥɢ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɥɢɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɨɬ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ.
x ɉɟɫɱɢɧɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɭɞɚ ɫ ɲɟɪɲɚɜɵɦ ɱɭɝɭɧɧɵɦ
ɞɧɨɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɰɚɪɚɩɢɧɵ ɧɚ
ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ.
x ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɫɬɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɰɚɪɚɩɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɟ
ɤɥɚɞɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɜ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ ɢɡ ɮɨɥɶɝɢ ɢɥɢ
ɜ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɫɭɞɟ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɟ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ, ɬ.ɤ. ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɝɨɪɟɬɶɫɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ.
x ɋɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɬɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɝɥɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ.
ɋɢɦɜɨɥ ɧɚ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɧɟ
ɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ. ȼɦɟɫɬɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɟɝɨ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ
ɩɪɢɟɦɤɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ, ȼɵ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬɟ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɫɪɟɞɟ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɭɳɟɪɛɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ, ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɞɨɛɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ. Ɂɚ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɨɛ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɚ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɜɥɚɫɬɹɦ, ɜ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ
ɩɨ ɜɵɜɨɡɭ ɢ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɜ
ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ȼɵ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ.
170687
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ,ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
17
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
Ɍɢɩ PVK61S-1V
GCS64C
GHS64SC-S
GHS64SC-W
GHS64SC-A
GHS64-ORA-S
Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ
ɜɵɫɨɬɚ/ɲɢɪɢɧɚ/ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ(ɦɦ)
41/600/530
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
AC 230 V
Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
AC 230 V, 50Hz
Ƚɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜɚɪɤɢ B = ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ
A = ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ
A1 = ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɚɹ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ
ɋɡɚɞɢ ɥɟɜɨ 1,75/A
ɋɩɟɪɟɞɢ ɥɟɜɨ 3/B
ɋɩɟɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ 1/A1
ɋɡɚɞɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ 1,75/A
Ƚɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ (ɤȼɬ)
7,5
ɉɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɝɚɡɭ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚ ɹɪɥɵɤɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɢ.
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɤɟ (ɩɪɚɜɨ)
ISO 7-R1/2
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ RUS = II2H3
UKR = II2H3
Ʉɥɚɫɫɚ
3
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ –
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ
ɜɚɪɤɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɜɚɪɤɢ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ).
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɫ ɱɟɬɵɪɶɦɹ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɦɢ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚɦɢ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɫ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɦɢ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚɦɢ.
170687
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ,ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
18
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɜɚɪɤɢ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɭɱɟɤ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɥɢɟɬ. ɇɚ ɪɭɱɤɚɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɢ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɦ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɦ.
Ɋɭɱɤɭ ɜɪɚɳɚɣɬɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ
ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ. Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɨɛɨɢɦɢ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɚɦɢ.
ȼɚɠɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɜɚɪɤɢ
x ɇɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɣɬɟ ɦɟɫɬ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ ɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɧɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ!
x ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ.
x ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟɥɚɟɬɟ ɩɢɳɭ ɡɚɩɟɱɶ, ɝɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ
ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɩɨɬɨɦ ɜɚɪɤɭ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɣɬɟ ɫ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ
x ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɪɸɥɟ ɩɨɞ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ (
ɫɤɨɪɨɜɚɪɤɟ) ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ,
ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɫɬɪɸɥɢ ɢ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ.
x
Ƚɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ
ɬɟɪɦɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɵ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɥɚɦɹ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɚɧɨ ɭɝɚɫɧɟɬ
(ɩɟɪɟɤɢɩɟɥɨ ɛɥɸɞɨ, ɫɤɜɨɡɧɹɤ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɬɨ
ɩɪɢɯɨɞ ɝɚɡɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɩɪɺɬɫɹ.Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɯɨɞɭ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ.
x ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɭɝɚɫɧɟɬ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɶ
ɬɟɪɦɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɧɟɡɚɳɢɳɺɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɤ
ɦɟɫɬ ɜɚɪɤɢ, ɬɨ ɝɚɡ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ!
x ɉɨɤɪɨɜ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɧɭ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ. Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɧɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɱɢɫɬɵɟ.
ɩɨɤɪɨɜ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɤɨɪɨɧɚ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɫɜɟɱɚ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
(ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ)
ɬɟɪɦɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
(ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ)
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɫɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
170687
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ,ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
19
ɉɪɢɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɤ
Ƚɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɜɟɱɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɨɞɠɢɝɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ (ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ).
Ɉɞɧɨɪɭɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ
(ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ)
ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟɥɚɟɬɟ ɩɪɢɠɟɱɶ ɝɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ,
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɟɺ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɫɤɪɚ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɜɟɱɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɠɝɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ
ɝɚɡ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɵɯ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɟɱɨɤ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɝɚɡ
ɡɚɠɟɱɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɨɪɹɳɟɣ ɫɩɢɱɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɝɚɡɚ.
Ⱦɜɭɯɪɭɱɧɨɟ
ɩɪɢɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ
(ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ)
ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟɥɚɟɬɟ ɩɪɢɠɟɱɶ ɝɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ,
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɟɺ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɫɤɪɚ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɜɟɱɤɢ ɢ
ɩɪɢɠɝɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɝɚɡ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɵɯ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɟɱɨɤ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɝɚɡ
ɡɚɠɟɱɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɨɪɹɳɟɣ
ɫɩɢɱɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɝɚɡɚ.
x ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɟɳɺ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 10 ɫɟɤɭɧɞ, ɩɨɤɚ ɩɥɚɦɹ ɧɟ
ɭɦɢɪɢɬɫɹ.
x ɉɨɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ
ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɢ ɧɚɢɧɢɡɲɟɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ.
x ɇɟ ɫɨɜɟɬɭɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɢ . ȼ
ɬɟɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɩɥɚɦɹ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɧɨ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɭɝɚɫɧɭɬɶ.
x ȿɫɥɢ ɩɥɚɦɹ ɭɝɚɫɧɟɬ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɤ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɩɥɚɦɹ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɠɝɥɨɫɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ 15 ɫɟɤɭɧɞ,
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1
ɦɢɧɭɬɵ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɞɠɢɝɚ.
x ȿɫɥɢ ɩɥɚɦɹ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɩɨɝɚɫɧɟɬ – ɩɨ ɥɸɛɨɣ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ – ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟ
ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1 ɦɢɧɭɬɵ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɧɨɜɶ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɞɠɢɝ.
x Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ
ɜɩɪɚɜɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
.
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɧ ɡɚɤɪɵɬ
ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ȿɫɥɢ ɯɨɱɟɬɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɭɸ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ
ɧɚ ɪɟɲɺɬɤɭ, ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɧɚ
ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɭɸ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɭɸ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɭɸ
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɟɫɭɳɭɸ
ɪɟɲɺɬɤɭ.
ɉɨɫɭɞɚ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɭɞɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɝɚɡɚ. ɋɚɦɵɣ
ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ.
əɡɵɤɢ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɤɪɚɣ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ, ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ. Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɝɚɡɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɟɧ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɨɫɭɞɟ ɢ
ɤɩɞ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ.
ɇɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɺɬɤɢ (ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ)
ɇɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɺɬɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟ ɛɥɸɞɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɭɞɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ.
ȿɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɺɬɤɭ ɢɡɧɚɞ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɣ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ.
Ɍɢɩ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ (3 kW)
220-260 ɦɦ
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ (1,75 kW)
180-220 ɦɦ
Ɇɚɥɟɧɶɤɚɹ (1 kW)
120-180 ɦɦ
170687
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ,ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
20
ɍɯɨɞ ɢ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
Ⱥɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɬɺɩɥɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɠɢɞɤɢɦ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɬɪɹɩɤɨɣ. ɇɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɣɬɟ ɝɪɭɛɵɟ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɨɫɬɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ. Ɂɚɫɨɯɲɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɠɠɺɧɧɵɟ
ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɢɳɢ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɢɬɟ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɣ ɬɪɹɩɤɨɣ ɢ
ɫɦɹɝɱɢɬɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ.
ɑɚɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ. ɑɢɫɬɹɳɟɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ
ɧɚɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɭɯɨɣ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ
ɜɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɪɹɩɤɢ ɜ ɬɨɧɤɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɧɚ
ɫɭɯɭɸ ɢ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɜ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɂɚɫɨɯɲɢɟ ɩɹɬɧɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɣ ɬɪɹɩɤɨɣ ɢ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɫɭɯɨɣ
ɬɪɹɩɤɨɣ ɞɨ ɛɥɟɫɤɚ. ɗɬɢ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ.
Ɇɟɫɬɚ ɜɚɪɤɢ
x Ⱦɥɹ ɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɲɺɬɤɢ, ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜɚɪɤɢ
ɢ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɬɶ
ɝɨɪɹɱɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɞɥɹ ɦɵɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ.
x Ɍɟɪɦɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɜɟɱɤɭ
ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɳɟɬɨɱɤɢ. ɗɬɢ
ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ
ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ.
x Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɤɨɪɨɧɭ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɨɜ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ. Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɥɢ
ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ
ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɧɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɨɱɢɳɟɧɵ.
x
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɪɨɫɭɲɢɬɟ ɢ
ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟ
ɧɚɡɚɞ. ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɩɪɢɠɟɱɶ ɬɹɠɟɥɟɟ.
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ: ɉɨɤɪɨɜɵ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɤ
ɷɦɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ. ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɛɟɱɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ
ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɤ.
ɋɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɚɹ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ: ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɤɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɝɪɭɛɵɟ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɝɭɛɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɰɚɪɚɩɢɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɢ
ɪɠɚɜɱɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɹɬɟɧ.
Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
1 ȼɫɸ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɚ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɹɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɣɬɟ ɦɹɝɤɭɸ ɬɪɹɩɤɭ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɟɟ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ. ɉɨɬɨɦ
ɜɵɬɪɢɬɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɢ ɫɭɯɨɣ
ɬɪɹɩɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧɰɟɦ ɞɨ
ɫɭɯɨɝɨ.
ȿɠɟɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ
2 Ɉɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɧɟɞɟɥɸ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɜɫɸ
ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɣɬɟ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɟɝɨ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ.
ɑɢɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɨɬɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɭ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼɫɟ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɭɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɨɟ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɥɟɝɤɨ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɬɪɹɩɨɱɤɨɣ ɧɚɫɭɯɨ
ɩɪɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ.
Ɍɪɭɞɧɨɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɦɵɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɬɜɟɪɞɟɜɲɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɹɬɧɚ
(ɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɵɣ ɧɚɥɟɬ, ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɩɹɬɧɚ) ɥɟɝɱɟ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɳɺ ɧɟ
ɨɫɬɵɥɚ (ɬɟɩɥɚɹ). ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɣɬɟ ɩɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɜ
ɩɭɧɤɬɟ 2.
ɉɪɢɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɢɳɢ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɪɚɡɦɹɝɱɢɬɟ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɣ ɬɪɹɩɨɱɤɨɣ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɫɨɫɤɪɟɛɢɬɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ
ɫɤɪɟɛɤɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ 2.
ɉɪɢɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɣ ɫɚɯɚɪ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɨɩɥɟɧɧɭɸ
ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɣɬɟ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɤɪɟɛɤɚ
ɫɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ, ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɡɨɧɚ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɟɳɺ ɝɨɪɹɱɚɹ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ 2.
ɉɟɫɱɢɧɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ
ɫɚɥɚɬɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ
170687
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ,ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
21
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɶ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɰɚɪɚɩɢɧɵ. ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɟɫɱɢɧɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ.
ɐɜɟɬɨɜɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɚ, ɧɨ ɧɟ
ɛɵɥɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɟɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ.
Ȼɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɝɪɭɛɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ ɢɥɢ
ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. ɂɯ
ɬɹɠɟɥɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ. ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɝɪɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɧɚ
ɩɨɫɭɞɵ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɰɚɪɚɩɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɺɦɧɵɟ ɩɹɬɧɚ.
ɍɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ
Ɋɟɦɨɧɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ. Ɋɟɦɨɧɬ
ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɨɣ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɩɥɢɬɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ,
ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɢɡ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ.
ɇɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɹɝɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɨɩɚɫɧɵ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɚ ɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɟɦɨɧɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ɢɥɢ
ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ.
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ, ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɥɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɢ.
ȼɚɠɧɨ
ɍɫɥɭɝɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ,
ɟɫɥɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ.
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɢ ɜ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɨɬɞɚɺɬɟ ɜ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ,
ɜɪɭɱɢɬɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɚɥɶɲɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɬɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
ɑɬɨ ɫɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ ... ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɍɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ
... ɟɫɥɢ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɧɟ ɝɨɪɹɬ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ?
ɂɡ-ɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɝɚɡɚ ɩɥɚɦɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ.
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɝɚɡɚ!
... ɟɫɥɢ ɩɥɚɦɹ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɤ
ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɨɫɶ?
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ!
... ɟɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɤ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɪɭɱɤɭ
ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɞɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ?
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ!
... ɟɫɥɢ ɩɥɚɦɹ ɭɝɚɫɧɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ?
ɋɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɧɚɠɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɪɭɱɤɢ
ɋɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɧɟɠɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɪɭɱɤɢ
Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɞɨɥɶɲɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɟɺ
ɦɨɳɧɨ ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ.
... ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɚ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɚ ɰɜɟɬ?
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ
ɞɥɹ ɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ
... ɟɫɥɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ?
ɉɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧ. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ
ɲɤɚɮɱɢɤɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ
ɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ.
... ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ
ɝɨɪɟɥɨɤ?
Ɉɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɢɳɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ
ɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɜɟɱɤɨɣ ɢ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɨɣ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɢ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɜɟɱɤɨɣ ɢ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɨɣ
... ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɵ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɵ?
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɵ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɤ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ
170687
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ,ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
22
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɭ
ȼɚɠɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
x Ⱥɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɪɧɢɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɤ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
x Ɉɛɥɢɰɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɚɧɟɪɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɤɢ ɢɡ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɝɚɪɧɢɬɭɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɦɢ ɤɥɟɹɦɢ (100°C), ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɤɥɟɟɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɤɢ.
x ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɢɬɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɞɥɹ
ɜɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ
ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɩɥɢɬɭ ɧɚɞ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ
ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɪɧɢɬɭɪɚ ɲɢɪɢɧɵ 600 ɦɦ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ.
x ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧ
ɹɳɢɤɨɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɭ, ɨɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 15 ɫɦ ɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɭɫɬɵɦ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɧɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ.
x ȼɵɫɹɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɦɨɧɬɢɪɚɧɵ
ɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ.
x Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɨɣ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɭ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢ. ɇɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ – 650 ɦɦ.
x ɇɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɪɚɺɦ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 100 ɦɦ.
x ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɩɥɢɬɚɯ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɥɚɧɨɤ ɢɡ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɥɹ ɦɟɫɬ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤɢɦ ɨɧɨ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ.
x Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɩɥɢɬɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɨɣ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ.
x ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɢɬɭ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ
ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɪɧɢɬɭɪɚ, ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 30 - 50 ɦɦ.
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɜɵɪɟɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɨɤ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ
x Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɩɥɢɬɚ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɪɧɢɬɭɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɨɜɧɨɦ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ.
x ȼɵɪɟɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ.
x ɉɪɢɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ (4) ɫ
ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɜɢɧɬɚɦɢ (4) ɩɪɢɜɟɣɬɟ ɤ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɥɢɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɪɟɡ.
x ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɢɬɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɤ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ (ɫɦɨɬɪɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɤ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɤ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɭ ɝɚɡɚ).
x ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɩɥɢɬɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ
ɜɵɪɟɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ
x ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɢɬɭ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ
ɜɧɢɡ ɩɪɢɠɚɬɶ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɩɥɢɬɟ.
170687
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ,ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
23
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɤɥɟɦɦɭ: ɟɺ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɨɬɜɟɪɬɤɢ ɢ ɟɺ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɬɢɫɧɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɡ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɪɜɢɫ ɢɥɢ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɧɬɟɪ!
ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɢ ɜ
ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɸ!
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ,
ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ, ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ. ɋɟɬɟɜɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ (230
ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ N) ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ!
x ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɤɨɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ
ɩɥɢɬɵ. ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ
ɡɚɞɧɹɹ ɫɬɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɝɪɟɟɬɫɹ.
x Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɬɶ
ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɛɟɥɢ (ɬɢɩ
HO5RR-F ɫ ɡɟɥɟɧɨ-ɠɺɥɬɵɦ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɦ), ɉȼɏ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ (ɬɢɩ
HO5VV-F ɫ ɡɟɥɟɧɨ-ɠɺɥɬɵɦ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɦ) ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ
ɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɤɚɛɟɥɢ.
x ɍɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ.
x Ɋɟɦɨɧɬ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɨɜɢɬɟ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɭɸ.
170687
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ,ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
24
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɤ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɭ ɝɚɡɚ
ȼɚɠɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
x ɗɬɨɬ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ.
x ɉɟɪɟɞ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
(ɜɢɞ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɚ) ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɵ.
x ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ.
x ɗɬɨɬ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɧɟ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ɞɥɹ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ (ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞ).
Ⱥɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ
ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
x ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɢɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ
ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɝɚɡɚ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɪɟɡɶɛɨɣ ISO 228-G1/2 ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɫ
ɪɟɡɶɛɨɣ ISO 7- R1/2.
x Ʉ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɥɹ
ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɧɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶ.
x ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɤɨɥɟɧɨ R 1/2
ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ.
x Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɥɢ
ɧɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɢ. ɍɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɢ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ
ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ.
x
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ 18 ɇɦ.
x Ⱥɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɤ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɸ ɧɚ
ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɚɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɝɢɛɤɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɵ.
x Ƚɢɛɤɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ
ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɦ ɱɚɫɬɹɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪ.ɤ ɹɳɢɤɭ)
ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ.
x Ʉ ɝɚɡɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɩɥɢɬɭ ɩɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɬɪɢɛɶɸɬɨɪɚ ɝɚɡɚ.
x ȼɚɠɧɨ: ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ
ɠɢɞɤɨɦɭ ɝɚɡɭ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3)
9 ɉɚɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ
10 ɍɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶ
11 ɇɚɫɚɞɤɚ R1/2
3
170687
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ,ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
25
ɉɟɪɟɞɟɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɝɚɡɚ
x ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɟɞɟɥɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɝɚɡɚ, ɧɟ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɢɬɭ.
x ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɟɞɟɥɤɨɣ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɨɬ
ɷɥ.ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɜɨɞ ɝɚɡɚ.
x Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɨɩɥɚ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɫɨɩɥɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ (ɫɦ.ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ).
x Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɟɥɤɟ ɧɚ
ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɣɬɟ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɠɢɞɤɢɣ
ɝɚɡ (ɩɪɨɩɚɧ/ɛɭɬɚɧ), ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɢɧɬɢɬɶ ɤ
ɧɚɫɚɞɤɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɢɧɬ (ɛɚɣɩɚɫ) ɞɥɹ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ.
x Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɟɥɤɟ ɧɚ
ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɨɬɜɟɣɬɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɶ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ, ɧɨ ɧɟ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɡɚ 1,5 ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ.
Ƚɨɪɟɥɤɚ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1)
1 ɉɨɤɪɨɜ ɤɨɪɨɧɵ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
2 Ʉɨɪɨɧɚ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɫ
ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
3 Ɍɟɪɦɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
(ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ)
4 Ɂɚɠɢɝɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɜɟɱɤɚ
5 ɋɨɩɥɨ
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ:
x ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɧɟɫɭɳɭɸ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɵ
ɝɨɪɟɥɨɤ ɫ ɤɨɪɨɧɨɣ.
x ɉɪɢ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɨɣ
ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɥɚ.
x Ʉɥɚɜɢɲɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ
ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ.
Ƚɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɧ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2)
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
1
2
170687
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ,ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
26
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɫɨɩɥ - ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ȼɢɞ ɝɚɡɚ
ɇɨɦɟɪ
Ɇɚɥɟɧɶɤɚɹ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ
ȼɨɛɟɹ ɦɚɤɫ. ɦɢɧ ɦɚɤɫ ɦɢɧ ɦɚɤɫ ɦɢɧ
Ȼɵɬɨɜɵɣ ɝɚɡ H ,
p=20 ɦɛɚɪ
Wo=45,7
y
54,7 ɦɞɠ/ɦ
3
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɚɹ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ (ɤȼɬ)
0,9 0,29 1,58 0,41 2,70 0,68
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ (ɥ/ɱ)
95,2 30,5 166,6 42,9 285,6 71,4
Ɉɛɨɡɧ.ɫɨɩɥɚ
(1/100ɦɦ)
72
x
97
x
115
x
ɒɢɮɪ ɫɨɩɥɚ
690771 690772 690773
Ȼɵɬɨɜɵɣ ɝɚɡ H ,
p=13 ɦɛɚɪ
Wo=43,4
y
52,4 ɦɞɠ/ɦ
3
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɚɹ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ (ɤȼɬ)
0,9 0,29 1,58 0,41 2,70 0,68
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ (ɥ/ɱ)
95,2 30,5 166,6 42,9 285,6 71,4
Ɉɛɨɡɧ.ɫɨɩɥɚ
(1/100ɦɦ)
85
x
110
x
145
x
ɒɢɮɪ ɫɨɩɥɚ
690777 690778 690779
ɋɠɢɠɟ-ɧɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ G30
p=30 ɦɛɚɪ
3B/P
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɚɹ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ (ɤȼɬ
0,9 0,29 1,58 0,41 2,70 0,68
Wo=72,9
y
87,3ɆȾɠ/ɦ
3
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ (ɝ/ɱ)
72,7 23,3 127,2 32,7 218 54,5
Ɉɛɨɡɧ.ɫɨɩɥɚ
(1/100ɦɦ)
50 29/24 65 33/26 85 43/33
ɒɢɮɪ ɫɨɩɥɚ
690780 690781 690782
x Ⱦɥɹ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɧɬɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɝɚɡɚ (ɨɬɜɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚ 1,5 ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ
ɧɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹ).
** Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɝɚɡɚ Hs.
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ: ɷɬɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ, ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɞɢɫɬɪɢɛɶɸɬɨɪɨɦ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɋɟɪɜɢɫɨɦ
ɉɊɂȾȿɊɀɂȼȺȿɆ ɁȺ ɋɈȻɈɃ ɉɊȺȼɈ ɇȺ ɂɁɆȿɇȿɇɂə, ɄɈɌɈɊɕȿ ɇȿȼɅɂəɘɌ ɇȺ
ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȺɉɉȺɊȺɌȺ.
/