RUS
BYCNHERWBZ GJ "RCGKEFNFWBB
VJHJPBKMYBR
818 15 05--01/0
RUS
ER 8297 CX
2
ERFPFYBZ GJ <TPJGFCYJCNB "RCGKEFNFWBB
LTNB
¤ Gjpf,jnmntcm j njv> xnj,s ltnb yt buhfkb c
htuekznjhfvb b dyenhtyybvb ltnfkzvb
vjhjpbkmybrf.
XNJ LTKFNM CJ CNFHSV {JKJLBKMYBRJV
Dsymnt dbkre bp hjptnrb b j,ht;mnt rf,tkm gbnfybz
rfr vj;yj ,kb;t r pflytq gfytkb vjhjpbkmybrf.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj dct pfvrb b pfo=krb cyzns
c vjhjpbkmybrf dj bp,t;fybt ytcxfcnys[ ckexftd
c vfktymrbvb ltnmvb. Kexit dctuj cyznm ldthm
gjkyjcnm/.
Gjcnfhfqntcm yt gjdhtlbnm cbcntve j[kf;ltybz
vjhjpbkmybrf. Bpjkzwbz b cbcntvf j[kf;ltybz
vjuen cjlth;fnm d ct,t dhtlyst lkz jpjyyjq
j,jkjxrb vfnthbfks. Gj 'njq ;t ghbxbyt vjhjpbkmybr
cktletn clfnm yf cjjndtncnde/obq geyrn enbkbpfwbb.
DYBVFYBT% d Dfitv yjdjv vjhjpbkmybrt dhtlyst
lkz jpjyyjq j,jkjxrb vfnthbfks jncencnde/n. D
bycnherwbb bvttncz ,jktt gjlhj,yfz byajhvfwbz.
Byajhvfwbz> rfcf/ofzcz clfxb cnfhjuj vjhjpbkmybrf
d geyrn enbkbpfwbb> vj;tn ,snm gjkextyf d
cjjndtncnde/ob[ bycnfywbz[> jndtxf/ob[ pf
j,hf,jnre jn[jljd.
CJLTH:FYBT
ERFPFYBZ GJ <TPJGFCYJCNB
"RCGKEFNFWBB 2
Xnj ltkfnm cj cnfhsv vjhjpbkmybrjv 2
CJLTH:FYBT 2
JGBCFYBT VJHJPBKMYBRF 3
Rjynhjkmyfz gfytkm 3
GTHTL YFXFKJV "RCGKEFNFWBB 3
"RCGKEFNFWBZ VJHJPBKMYBRF
Drk/xtybt gbnfybz b htuekbhjdfybt
ntvgthfnehs 4
Jnrk/xtybt gbnfybz 4
Fdfhbqysq cbuyfk b lheubt aeyrwbb 4
Pfvjhf;bdfybt ghjlernjd 5
Ntvgthfnehf dyenhb vjhjpbkmybrf 6
Chjrb [hfytybz ghjlernjd 6
Hfpvjhf;bdfybt 6
Dyenhtyytt ghjcnhfycndj vjhjpbkmybrf 6
GHFRNBXTCRBT CJDTNS 7
Cjdtns gj 'rjyjvbb 'ythubb 7
"rjkjubz 7
J[hfyf jrhe;f/otq chtls 7
E{JL 7
Cyznbt dtynbkzwbjyyjq hti=nrb 7
Xbcnrf 7
Hfpvjhf;bdfybt vjhjpbkmybrf 8
Pfvtyf kfvgjxrb dyenhtyytuj jcdtotybz 8
Tckb vjhjpbkmybryt bcgjkmpetncz 8
D CKEXFT DJPYBRYJDTYBZ
YTBCGHFDYJCNB 9
Ufhfynbz 10
Nt[j,cke;bdfybt b pfgxfcnb 10
NT{YBXTCRBT LFYYST 10
VJYNF: 11
Hfcgfrjdrf 11
Xbcnrf gthtl yfxfkjv 'rcgkefnfwbb 11
Ecnfyjdrf 11
Gjlrk/xtybt gbnfybz 11
Dfi yjdsq vjhjpbkmybr vj;tn j,kflfnm aeyrwbzvb>
rjnjhs[ yt ,skj d Dfitv ghtlsleotv vjhjpbkmybrt.
Gj'njve c yfcnjzotq bycnherwbtq cktletn nofntkmyj
jpyfrjvbnmcz. Bycnherwb/ cktletn cj[hfybnm> lkz
njuj xnj,s t/ vj;yj ,skj djcgjkmpjdfnmcz gjp;t
bkb gthtlfnm t= djpvj;yjve yjdjve dkfltkmwe
vjhjpbkmybrf.
"RCGKEFNFWBZ
¤ Lfyysq vjhjpbkmybr ghtlyfpyfxty lkz [hfytybz
ghjlernjd gbnfybz d j,sxys[ ,snjds[ eckjdbz[
d cjjndtncndbb c yfcnjzotq bycnherwbtq.
¤D vjhjpbkmybrt yt cktletn [hfybnm dphsdjjgfcys[
ufpjd bkb ;blrjcntq> nfr rfr 'nj vj;tn ghbdtcnb
r nhfdvfv b gjdht;ltybzv bveotcndf.
¤ R hfcgjkj;tyysv dyenhb b d pflytq xfcnb
vjhjpbkmybrf ltnfkzv cbcntvs j[kf;ltybz ytkmpz
ghbrfcfnmcz jcnhsvb ghtlvtnfvb. D ckexft
djpybryjdtybz ghj,jbys d cbcntvt j[kf;ltybz
vjhjpbkmybr gjdhtlbncz b [hfyzobtcz d y=v
ghjlerns ghblen d ytujlyjcnm.
¤ D vjhjpbkmybrt yt cktletn [hfybnm ufpbhjdfyys[
yfgbnrjd bkb ,enskjr c ;blrjcnm/> nfr rfr
,enskrb vjuen nhtcyenm.
¤ Vjhjpbkmybr nz;=ksq> tuj rhfz bkb dscnegf/obt
xfcnb vjuen jrfpfnmcz jcnhsvb. Ghb gthtvtotybb
vjhjpbkmybrf cktletn cj,k/lfnm jcnjhj;yjcnm
b gjkmpjdfnmcz pfobnysvb gthxfnrfvb.
3
gjlyjc lkz pfvjhf;bdfybz
ldthyfz gjkrf
zobr vjhjpbkmybrf
zobr vjhjpbkmybrf
zobr vjhjpbkmybrf
zobr vjhjpbkmybrf
dsldb;yfz gjkrf
zobr vjhjpbkmybrf
zobr vjhjpbkmybrf
dtynbkzwbjyyfz hti=nrf
rfktylfhm
vjhjpbkmybrf
ACTION
CO
5
A B C D E F G
D Ryjgrf ,scnhjuj pfvjhf;bdfybz
Bcgjkmpetncz lkz drk/xtybz b dsrk/xtybz aeyrwbb
,scnhjuj pfvjhf;bdfybz.
E :=knfz cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf
Ujhbn ghb drk/x=yyjv ht;bvt ,scnhjuj
pfvjhf;bdfybz.
F Ryjgrf c,hjcf fdfhbqyjuj pderjdjuj cbuyfkf
Bcgjkmpetncz lkz dsrk/xtybz fdfhbqyjuj pderjdjuj
cbuyfkf.
G Rhfcyfz cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf
Vbuftn d ckexft drk/xtybz fdfhbqyjuj cbuyfkf.
F Dsrk/xfntkm gbnfybz vjhjpbkmybrf
Bcgjkmpetncz lkz drk/xtybz b dsrk/xtybz
vjhjpbkmybrf.
D Lbcgktq nthvjvtnhf
Gjrfpsdftn ntvgthfnehe cfvjq n=gkjq njxrb dyenhb
vjhjpbkmybrf.
C Htuekznjh ntvgthfnehs # nthvjcnfn
Bcgjkmpetncz lkz htuekbhjdfybz ntvgthfnehs.
GTHTL YFXFKJV "RCGKEFNFWBB
Ecnfyjdbnt vjhjpbkmybr yf vtcnj b dsgjkybnt
xbcnre jgbcfyysv d hfpltkt VJYNF: j,hfpjv.
Gthtl ntv rfr dcnfdbnm dbkre d hjptnre b
drk/xbnm vjhjpbkmybr d gthdsq hfp> tve
cktletn lfnm jncnjznmcz d ntxtybt
ghb,kbpbntkmyj 30 vbyen bkb ;t d ntxtybt
4 xfcjd d ckexft nhfycgjhnbhjdrb
vjhjpbkmybrf yf ,jre> lkz njuj xnj,s
;blrjcnm cbcntvs j[kf;ltybz ecgtkf
c,fkfycbhjdfnmcz. D ghjnbdyjv ckexft
rjvghtccjh vjhjpbkmybrf vj;tn
gjdhtlbnmcz.
JGBCFYBT VJHJPBKMYBRF
RJYNHJKMYFZ GFYTKM
4
"RCGKEFNFWBZ VJHJPBKMYBRF
DRK?XTYBT GBNFYBZ B HTUEKBHJDFYBT
NTVGTHFNEHS
Drk/xtybt gbnfybz
Vjhjpbkmybr drk/xftncz c gjvjom/ dsrk/xfntkz
gbnfybz. Tckb ntvgthfnehf dyenhb vjhjpbkmybrf
yf[jlbncz ghb 'njv yf ehjdyt rjvyfnyjq> hfplf=ncz
pderjdjq cbuyfk> rjnjhsq cktletn jnrk/xbnm
gjchtlcndjv yf;fnbz yf ryjgre tuj c,hjcf.
Htuekbhjdfybt ntvgthfnehs
Yf;bvfqnt yf ryjgre lj nt[ gjh> gjrf yf lbcgktt
yt pfvbuftn pyfxtybt> cjjndtncnde/ott ;tkftvjq
ntvgthfneht !ntvgthfnehf vj;tn ,snm jnhtuekbhjdfyf
jn -15·C lj -24·C@.
Lkz gjdsitybt ntvgthfnehs yf;bvfqnt yf }> yf
gjyb;tybz yf - .
Gjckt ecnfyjdrb ntvgthfnehs lbcgktq gjrfpsdftn
pyfxtybt ntvgthfnehs d lfyysq vjvtyn.
Gjckt dscnfdktybz ntvgthfnehs vjhjpbkmybre
cktletn lfnm gjhf,jnfnm d ntxtybt cenjr> lkz njuj
xnj,s ntvgthfnehf ecgtkf c,fkfycbhjdfnmcz. Ghb
drk/xtybb vjhjpbkmybrf gjckt gththsdf d
'rcgkefnfwbb d 'njv ytn ytj,[jlbvjcnb> nfr rfr
ntvgthfnehf fdnjvfnbxtcrb ecnfyfdkbdftncz yf njn
ehjdtym> yf rjnjhjv jyf ,skj lj dsrk/xtybz.
JNRK?XTYBT GBNFYBZ
Vjhjpbkmybr dsrk/xftncz c gjvjom/ dsrk/xfntkz
gbnfybz. Lkz njuj xnj,s dsrk/xtybt ghjbpjikj ,tp
gjvt[> ryjgre cktletn lth;fnm d yf;fnjv gjkj;tybb
d ntxtybt ghb,kbpbntkmyj jlyjq ctreyls.
Yfghz;tybt gjkyjcnm/ jnrk/xtyj jn vjhjpbkmybrf
njulf> rjulf dbkrf dsyenf bp hjptnrb bkb rjulf
ghtlj[hfybntkm dsdthyen bp 'ktrnhbxtcrjuj obnf.
Ghb dsybvfybb dbkrb bp hjptnrb nzyenm cktletn pf
dbkre> f yt pf ghjdjl.
FDFHBQYSQ CBUYFK B LHEUBT AEYRWBB
Fdfhbqysq cbuyfk jnrhsnjq ldthb
Tckb ldthm vjhjpbkmybrf yf[jlbncz d jnrhsnjv
gjkj;tybb ,jktt 1 vbyens> hfplf=ncz pderjdjq
cbuyfk b rhfcyfz cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf yfxbyftn
vbufnm. Lkz njuj xnj,s dsrk/xbnm pderjdjq cbuyfk>
yf;vbnt yf ryjgre tuj c,hjcf. Pderjdjq cbuyfk
hfplf=ncz c gthbjlbxyjcnm/ d jlye vbyene lj nt[
gjh> gjrf ldthm yt jrf;tncz pfrhsnf. Rhfcyfz
cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf dsrk/xftncz ghb pfrhsdfybb
ldthb.
Fdfhbqysq cbuyfk ntvgthfnehs
Tckb d vjhjpbkmybrt ckbirjv ntgkj> hfplf=ncz
pderjdjq cbuyfk b rhfcyfz cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf
yfxbyftn vbufnm. Jlyjdhtvtyyj c 'nbv vbuftn
pyfxtybt ntvgthfnehs yf lbcgktt. Lkz njuj xnj,s
dsrk/xbnm pderjdjq cbuyfk> yf;vbnt yf ryjgre tuj
c,hjcf. Gjrfpfybt ntvgthfnehs nfr;t gthtcnfytn
vbufnm. Rhfcyfz cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf gjufcytn>
rjulf ntvgthfnehf dyenhb vjhjpbkmybrf jgecnbncz
yb;t -11·C. Gjcnfhfqntcm dszcybnm ghbxbye gjlyznbz
ntvgthfnehs. Cv. hfpltk D CKEXFT DJPYBRYJDTYBZ
YTBCGHFDYJCNB.
ACTION
*
20
ACTION
*
-18
ACTION
*
-18
ACTION
*
-18
ACTION
*
-11
5
Gfvznm ntvgthfnehs
Gfvznm ntvgthfnehs abrcbhetn chf,fnsdfybt
fdfhbqyjuj cbuyfkf cktle/obv j,hfpjv% rjulf
gjckt chf,fnsdfybz fdfhbqyjuj cbuyfkf ntvgthfnehf
cyjdf jgecrftncz yb;t -11·C> pderjdjq cbuyfk dsr-
k/xftncz. Gfvznm ntvgthfnehs erfpsdftn yf nj> xnj
fdfhbqysq cbuyfk chf,jnfk> n.t. gjrfpfybt
ntvgthfnehyjuj lbcgktz b rhfcyfz fdfhbqyfz kfvgjxrf
vbuf/n. Ghb yf;fnbb yf ryjgre c,hjcf lbcgktq
gjrfpsdftn cfve/ dscjre/ ntvgthfnehe d vjvtyn
chf,fnsdfybz fdfhbqyjuj cbuyfkf> f vbufybt
ntvgthfnehyjuj lbcgktz ghtrhfoftncz. Yf jcyjdfybb
gjrfpfybz ntvgthfnehyjuj lbcgktz vj;yj ghbyznm
htitybt j njv> ghbujlys kb ghjlerns r
bcgjkmpjdfyb/.
Ghb,k. -12·C% ,jkmie/ xfcnm ghjlernjd vj;yj
cyjdf pfvjhjpbnm. Vjhj;tyjt jxtym xedcndbntkmyj
r gthtvtyfv ntvgthfnehs> gj'njve tuj ye;yj
ytvtlktyyj egjnht,bnm d gboe.
Jn -9·C lj -2·C% pfvjhj;tyyst gjkeaf,hbrfns b
cdt;bt ghjlerns cktletn ghbujnjdbnm b kb,j
egjnht,bnm d gboe> kb,j cyjdf pfvjhjpbnm e;t d
ghbujnjdktyyjv dblt. Jnnfzdibt vjhcrbt ghjlerns
gjdnjhyjve pfvjhf;bdfyb/ djj,ot yt gjlkt;fn.
PFVJHF:BDFYBT
Tckb d ntxtybt 24 xfcjd pfvjhf;bdf/ncz njkmrj
kbim yt,jkmibt rjkbxtcndf ghjlernjd> d yf;fnbb yf
ryjgre ,scnhjuj pfvjhf;bdfybz ytn ytj,[jlbvjcnb.
D ghjnbdyjv ckexft yf ryjgre cktletn yf;fnm
ghb,kbpbntkmyj pf cenrb lj gjvtotybz
pfvjhf;bdftvs[ ghjlernjd d vjhjpbkmybr.
Ht;bv ,scnhjuj pfvjhf;bdfybz fdnjvfnbxtcrb dsr-
k/xftncz xthtp 48 xfcjd gjckt yf;fnbz yf ryjgre.
Tuj vj;yj dsrk/xbnm b hfymit gjchtlcndjv
gjdnjhyjuj yf;fnbz yf ryjgre.
:=knfz cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf ujhbn dc= dhtvz ghb
drk/x=yyjv ht;bvt pfvjhf;bdfybz. Gjrfpfybt F yf
lbcgktt erfpsdftn yf drk/x=yysq ht;bv
pfvjhf;bdfybz.
Gjktpyst cjdtns gj pfvjhf;bdfyb/%
¤ Pfvjhf;bdftvst ghjlerns cktletn rkfcnm yf
dth[y// gjkre bkb yf yf[jlzoe/cz
ytgjchtlcndtyyj gjl ytq gjkre.
¤ Ghjlerns cktletn rkfcnm ghzvj yf gjkre lkz
pfvjhf;bdfybz.
¤ Ghjlerns cktletn hfcgjkfufnm nfrbv j,hfpjv>
xnj,s djple[ vju cdj,jlyj wbhrekbhjdfnm
vt;le ybvb.
¤ Pfvjhf;bdftvst ghjlerns yt ljk;ys rfcfnmcz
e;t pfvjhj;tyys[> nfr rfr pfvjhj;tyysq ghjlern
vj;tn d 'njv ckexft xfcnbxyj hfpvjhjpbnmcz.
¤ Gjckt njuj rfr cdt;bt ghjlerns jrf;encz
gjkyjcnm/ pfvjhj;tys> b[ cktletn gjkj;bnm rfr
vj;yj ,jktt gkjnyj lheu r lheue> lkz njuj
xnj,s jyb yt hfpvjhf;bdfkbcm d ntxtybt rfr
vj;yj ,jktt ghjljk;bntkmyjuj dhtvtyb>
yfghbvth> d ckexft j,hsdf d gjlfxt gbnfybz.
¤ Yt pfvjhf;bdfqnt ckbirjv ,jkmijuj rjkbxtcndf
ghjlernjd jlyjdhtvtyyj. Vjoyjcnm
pfvjhf;bdfybz vjhjpbkmybrf erfpfyf d nf,kbwt
c nt[ybxtcrbvb lfyysvb.
ACTION
*
-11
ACTION
*
A
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj vjhjpbkmybr
hf,jnftn b xnj ntvgthfnehf lth;bncz yf
ecnfyjdktyyjv ehjdyt d ntxtybt cenjr
gjckt gthdjuj drk/xtybz. Njkmrj gjckt
'njuj vjhjpbkmybr vj;yj bcgjkmpjdfnm
lkz pfvjhf;bdfybz cdt;b[ ghjlernjd.
6
Pvjhj;tyyst ljvf ghjlerns% ;bhyst b cjk=yst
ghjlerns vjuen [hfybnmcz d vjhjpbkmybrt yt ,jktt
nh=[ vtczwtd. Dfh=yst ghjlerns b ghjlerns c
yt,jkmibv cjlth;fybtv ;bhf [hfybncz d
vjhjpbkmybrt lj gjkeujlf. Gjcnyst ghjlerns b
zujls [hfyzncz d vjhjpbkmybrt lj ujlf.
HFPVJHF:BDFYBT
Ghjlerns kexit dctuj hfpvjhf;bdfnm d [jkjlbkmybrt
d uke,jrjq nfhtkrt> lkz njuj xnj,s nf/ofz ;blrjcnm
yt ghjntrkf dj dyenhtyytt ghjcnhfycndj
[jkjlbkmybrf. Lkz ,scnhjuj hfpvjhf;bdfybz
ghjlernjd b[ vj;yj gjvtcnbnm d rjvyfnye/
ntvgthfnehe bkb d [jkjlye/ djle. D ckexft
hfpvjhf;bdfybz ghjlernjd d vbrhjdjkyjdjq gtxb
cktletn cj,k/lfnm erfpfybz t= bpujnjdbntktq.
DYENHTYYTT GHJCNHFYCNDJ VJHJPBKMYBRF
Gjlyjc lkz pfvjhf;bdfybz
Gjlyjc lkz pfvjhf;bdfybz bcgjkmpetncz lkz
pfvjhf;bdfybz> yfghbvth> zujl b bkb jdjotq.
Ghjlerns pfvjhf;bdf/ncz ghb,kbpbntkmyj pf xtnsht
xfcf> gjckt xtuj b[ vj;yj egfrjdfnm j,sxysv
j,hfpjv. Nfr rfr zujls pfvjhj;tys gj jnltkmyjcnb>
jyb yt ghbvthpf/n lheu r lheue b b[ vj;yj
dsybvfnm bp egfrjdrb d ye;yjv rjkbxtcndt.
Gjcelf lkz ghbujnjdktybz ktlzys[ re,brjd
Gjcele lkz ghbujnjdktybz ktlzys[ re,brjd cktletn
pfgjkyznm djljq yt ,jktt xtv yf nhb xtndthnb> nfr
rfr djlf ghb pfvthpfybb hfcibhztncz. Ktlzyst
re,brb dsybvf/ncz gjchtlcndjv jcnjhj;yjuj
cub,fybz gjcels. Ghb ckbirjv ljkujv [hfytybb
ktlzyst re,brb dscs[f/n b b[ drec e[eliftncz>
gj'njve cnfhst re,brb kexit elfkbnm bp gjcels
b ghbujnjdbnm yjdst.
Zobrb vjhjpbkmybrf
Zobrb lkz [hfytybz ghjlernjd gjvjuf/n ,scnhj
yfqnb ye;ysq ghjlern. Lkz edtkbxtybz j,(=vf
dyenhtyytuj ghjcnhfycndf vjhjpbkmybrf zobrb vj;yj
dsyenm b gjkj;bnm ghjlerns ghzvj yf gjkrb. Yf dct
gjkrb pf bcrk/xtybtv dth[ytq ghjlerns vj;yj
rkfcnm nfrbv j,hfpjv> xnj,s jyb dscnegfkb pf rhfq
gjkrb yf 20 vv> lkz vfrcbvfkmyjuj bcgjkmpjdfybz
dyenhtyytuj ghjcnhfycndf vjhjpbkmybrf.
Yb;ybq zobr dsybvfnm bp vjhjpbkmybrf yt cktletn>
nfr rfr tuj ghbcencndbt ytj,[jlbvj lkz yflkt;fotq
wbhrekzwbb djple[f.
Dsldb;yfz gjkrf
D vjhjpbkmybrt bvttncz dsldb;yfz gjkrf. Gjkre
vj;yj elfkbnm bp vjhjpbkmybrf> lkz njuj xnj,s d
ytuj gjvtcnbkbcm ghjlerns ,jkmijuj hfpvthf.
NTVGTHFNEHF DYENHB VJHJPBKMYBRF
Lkz njuj xnj,s ghjlerns [hfybkbcm rfr vj;yj
ljkmit> ntvgthfnehf dyenhb vjhjpbkmybrf ljk;yf
,snm -18·C bkb yb;t. J,hfnbnt dybvfybt yf nj> xnj
gj vtht cyb;tybz ntvgthfnehs gjnht,ktybt gbnfybz
djphfcnftn.
Lbcgktq nthvjvtnhf gjrfpsdftn ntvgthfnehe d
cfvjq n=gkjq njxrt dyenhb vjhjpbkmybrf. Lkz njuj
xnj,s bpvthbnm ntvgthfnehe j,sxysv nthvjvtnhjv>
tuj cktletn gjvtcnbnm vt;le pfvjhj;tyysvb
ghjlernfvb> lkz njuj xnj,s jy gjrfpsdfk b[
ltqcndbntkmye/ ntvgthfnehe. D ckexft bpvthtybz
ntvgthfnehs rfrbv-kb,j bysv j,hfpjv gjrfpfybt
jrfpsdftncz ytcrjkmrj ,jktt dscjrbv.
CHJRB {HFYTYBZ GHJLERNJD
Cj,k/lfqnt chjrb [hfytybz regktyys[ d vfufpbyt
pfvjhj;tyys[ ghjlernjd.
7
vjhjpbkmybrf ytn ytj,[jlbvjcnb. Gj[jlzofz
ntvgthfnehf yf[jlbncz d ghtltkf[ jn -18·C lj -
20·C.
¤ Rjulf ckjq ktlzyjuj rjyltycfnf ljcnbuytn 3 - 5
vv> vjhjpbkmybr cktletn hfpvjhjpbnm.
¤ Eljcnjdthmntcm d wtkjcnyjcnb b xbcnjnt
egkjnybntkmyjq ghjrkflrb ldthb.
"RJKJUBZ
¤ Bpjkzwbz b [kfljfutyn vjhjpbkmybrf yt cjlth;fn
dhtlys[ lkz jpjyyjq j,jkjxrb vfnthbfkjd.
¤ Dct egfrjdjxyst vfnthbfks vjhjpbkmybrf
gjlkt;fn gjdnjhyjve bcgjkmpjdfyb/.
¤ Rjycnherwbz vjhjpbkmybrf nfrjdf> xnj jy kturj
ltvjynbhetncz lkz enbkbpfwbb.
J{HFYF JRHE:F?OTQ CHTLS
¤ Rfr egfrjdjxyst vfnthbfks> nfr b cnfhst
vjhjpbkmybrb b vjhjpbkmybrb cktletn ljcnfdkznm
yf geyrn enbkbpfwbb dnjhbxyjuj cshmz.
Ljgjkybntkmye/ byajhvfwb/ vj;yj gjkexbnm e
jndtxf/ob[ pf j,hf,jnre jn[jljd bycnfywbq bkb
e ghjlfdwf vjhjpbkmybrf.
¤ Ghjlerns cktletn [hfybnm d ,fyrf[ b egfrjdrf[>
rjnjhst vj;yj bcgjkmpjdfnm ytjlyjrhfnyj.
¤ Lkz xbcnrb vjhjpbkmybrf cktletn bcgjkmpjdfnm
vzurbt vj/obt chtlcndf.
¤ Cj,k/lfqnt cjdtns gj 'rjyjvbb 'ythubb.
GHFRNBXTCRBT CJDTNS
CJDTNS GJ "RJYJVBB "YTHUBB
¤ Vtcnj hfcgjkj;tybz vjhjpbkmybrf cktletn
nofntkmyj ds,hfnm cjukfcyj erfpfybzv>
ghbdtl=yysv d hfpltkt VJYNF:. Ghfdbkmyj
ecnfyjdktyysq vjhjpbkmybr gjnht,kztn vtymit
'ythubb.
¤ Yt jnrhsdfqnt ldthm vjhjpbkmybrf ,tp
ytj,[jlbvjcnb b yt lth;bnt t= ckbirjv ljkuj
d jnrhsnjv gjkj;tybb.
¤ Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ldthm vjhjpbkmybrf
gkjnyj pfrhsnf.
¤ Pfvjhj;tyyst ghjlerns cktletn hfpvjhf;bdfnm
d [jkjlbkmybrt> nfr rfr b[ [jkjl cyb;ftn
gjnht,ktybt 'ythubb [jkjlbkmybrf.
¤ Hfcgjkj;tyyst pf vjhjpbkmybrjv rjvghtccjh b
cbcntve j[kf;ltybz cktletn xbcnbnm gsktcjcjv
ghb,kbpbntkmyj hfp d ujl.
¤ Gthtl ntv rfr gjvtcnbnm ghjlerns d vjhjpbkmybr>
j[kflbnt b[ d [jkjlbkmybrt.
¤ Dj bp,t;fybt j,hfpjdfybz bpkbiytuj rjkbxtcndf
ktlzyjuj rjyltycfnf ghjlerns cktletn nofntkmyj
egfrjdsdfnm.
¤ Ghb pfvjhf;bdfybb ghjlernjd cktletn nofntkmyj
cj,k/lfnm erfpfybz> ghbdtl=yyst d hfpltkt
PFVJHF:BDFYBT> lkz njuj xnj,s vjhjpbkmybr
hfc[jljdfk vbybvfkmyjt rjkbxtcndj 'ythubb.
¤ D ckbirjv ybprjq ntvgthfneht dyenhb
E{JL
CYZNBT DTYNBKZWBJYYJQ HTI+NRB
Dtynbkzwbjyye/ hti=nre vj;yj cyznm> yfghbvth>
lkz j,ktxtybz xbcnrb vjhjpbkmybrf. Lkz njuj xnj,s
cyznm hti=nre> gjnzybnt t= yf ct,z nfr> xnj,s jyf
jno=kryekfcm c abrcfnjhjd.
XBCNRF
Vjhjpbkmybr cktletn htuekzhyj xbcnbnm. Gthtl
dsgjkytybtv xbcnrb vjhjpbkmybrf tuj cktletn
dsrk/xbnm b dsyenm dbkre bp hjptnrb bkb ;t
dsdthyenm ghtlj[hfybntkm. Dsybvf/obtcz ltnfkb
cktletn dsyenm b dsvsnm dhexye/. Dyenhtyybt b
yfhe;yst gjdth[yjcnb> f nfr;t egkjnybntkmye/
ghjrkflre ldthb vjhjpbkmybrf cktletn nofntkmyj
ghjnthtnm vzurjq nhzgrjq> cvjxtyyjq n=gkjq djljq
c lj,fdktybtv chtlcndf lkz hexyjuj vsnmz gjcels.
Yt pfrhsdfqnt ldthb lj nt[ gjh> gjrf dyenhtyybt
gjdth[yjcnb vjhjpbkmybr yt dscj[yen gjkyjcnm/.
Cybvbnt dtynbkzwbjyye/ hti=nre !cv. dsit@ b
dsxbcnbnt ghjcnhfycndj gjl vjhjpbkmybrjv c
gjvjom/ gsktcjcf. Jnjldbymnt vjhjpbkmybr jn
cntys b ghjgsktcjcmnt ghjcnhfycndj pf ybv> f nfr;t
cbcntve j[kf;ltybz b rjvghtccjh.
Lkz njuj xnj,s vjhjpbkmybr yt wfhfgfk gjk> ghb
gthtvtotybb tuj cktletn gjlybvfnm pf gthtlybq
rhfq.
8
PFVTYF KFVGJXRB DYENHTYYTUJ
JCDTOTYBZ
Kfvgjxrf dyenhtyytuj jcdtotybz vjhjpbkmybrf
drk/xftncz fdnjvfnbxtcrb ghb jnrhsdfybb ldthb.
Gthtl dsgjkytybtv pfvtys kfvgjxrb dbkre cktletn
dsyenm bp hjptnrb.
Yt rfcfqntcm cntrkf kfvgjxrb gfkmwfvb. Ufkjutyyst
kfvgs dtcmvf xedcndbntkmys r bvt/otvecz yf
gfkmwf[ ;bhe. J,ht;mnt egfrjdre kfvgjxrb nfrbv
j,hfpjv> xnj,s jnrhsnsv jrfpfkcz t= wjrjkm.
Ecnfyjdbnt kfvgjxre yf vtcnj> lth;f t= ghb 'njv
pf egfrjdre. Bcgjkmpeqnt zhre/ ufkjutyye/ kfvgjxre
ybprjuj lfdktybz> wjrjkm G4> yfghz;tybt 12 D> c
ekmnhfabjktnjdsv ,kjrbhjdfybtv> yjvbyfkmyfz
vjoyjcnm 20 Dn.
RJULF VJHJPBKMYBR YT BCGJKMPETNCZ
Dsrk/xbnt vjhjpbkmybr b dsymnt dbkre bp hjptnrb
bkb ;t dsdthybnt ghtlj[hfybntkm. Xbcnrf
vjhjpbkmybrf dsgjkyztncz nfr> rfr jgbcfyj d
cjjndtncnde/otv hfpltkt. Dj bp,t;fybt j,hfpjdfybz
ytghbznyjuj pfgf[f ldthm vjhjpbkmybrf cktletn
jcnfdbnm d ghbjnrhsnjv gjkj;tybb.
HFPVJHF:BDFYBT VJHJPBKMYBRF
Yf gjkrf[ b d dth[ytq xfcnb vjhjpbkmybrf j,hfpetncz
ytrjnjhjt rjkbxtncdj ktlzyjuj rjyltycfnf. Rjulf
njkobyf tuj ckjz ljcnbuytn 3 - 5 vv> vjhjpbkmybr
cktletn hfpvjhjpbnm.
Dsymnt bp vjhjpbkmybrf zobrb. Gjcnfdmnt zobrb
lheu yf lheuf> hfpdthyed lkz 'njuj rf;lsq dnjhjq
zobr yf 90 uhflecjd. Zobrb vj;yj yfrhsnm
ufptnyjq ,evfujq bkb jltzkjv. Pfvjhj;tyyst
ghjlerns ljk;ys ,snm gkjnyj ghb;fns lheu r
lheue b gjkj;tys d ghj[kflyjt vtcnj> yfghbvth>
d [jkjlbkmybr.
Lkz ecrjhtybz ghjwtccf hfpvjhf;bdfybz d
vjhjpbkmybr vj;yj gjcnfdbnm cjcel c ujhzxtq !yj
yt rbgzotq@ djljq.
Dsldbymnt ;=kj, lkz cnjrf nfkjq djls b gjlcnfdmnt
gjl ytuj yb;ybq zobr vjhjpbkmybrf> lkz njuj xnj,s
d ytuj cntrfkf djlf. Lkz njuj xnj,s jcdj,jlbnm
ljcnfnjxyjt lkz 'njuj ghjcnhfycndj> cybvbnt
dtynbkzwbjyye/ hti=nre.
Gj vtht nfzybz kmlf tuj vj;yj elfkznm c gjvjom/
gkfcnvfccjdjq bkb lthtdzyyjq kjgfnrb. Yb d rjtv
ckexft yt bcgjkmpeqnt jcnhs[ bkb wfhfgf/ob[
ghtlvtnjd.
Gjckt hfpvjhf;bdfybz dsnhbnt vjhjpbkmybr yfce[j
b pfldbymnt ;=kj, lkz cnjrf nfkjq djls yf vtcnj.
Drk/xbnt vjhjpbkmybr b gjkj;bnt d ytuj ghjlerns.
D ghjwtcct hfpvjhf;bdfybz bcgjkmpjdfybt
atyf lkz ceirb djkjc bkb lheub[
yfuhtdfntkmys[ ecnhjqcnd yt ljgecrftncz.
Gthtuhtd vj;tn gjdhtlbnm dyenhtyybt
gkfcnvfccjdst ltnfkb vjhjpbkmybrf>
dcktlcndbt xtuj djlf vj;tn gjgfcnm yf tuj
'ktrnhbxtcrbt ltnfkb. "nj vj;tn ghbdtcnb
r elfhe njrjv.
9
D CKEXFT DJPYBRYJDTYBZ YTBCGHFDYJCNB
Ghbxbyf ytbcghfdyjcnb vj;tn jrfpfnmcz yfcnjkmrj ghjcnjq> xnj t= vj;yj ecnhfybnm cfvjcnjzntkmyj. Gthtl
ntv rfr j,hfnbnmcz d egjkyjvjxtyye/ yf nt[j,cke;bdfybt b htvjyn abhve> dybvfntkmyj ghjxbnfqnt
yb;tghbdtl=yyst erfpfybz.
Dbkrf yt dcnfdktyf d hjptnre.
Ghtlj[hfybntkm gthtujhtk.
Yf vjhjpbkmybr yt gjcnegftn gbnfybt !ghjdthmnt
hjptnre c gjvjom/ rfrjuj-kb,j byjuj 'ktrnhbxtcrjuj
ecnhjqcndf@.
Vjhjpbkmybr djj,ot yt hf,jnftn>
j[kf;ltybt> jcdtotybt b cbuyfkmyst
kfvgjxrb yt drk/xf/ncz
Ecnfyjdbnt ,jktt dscjre/ ntvgthfnehe.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ldthm gkjnyj pfrhsnf> f
nfr;t d wtkjcnyjcnb b xbcnjnt t= egkjnybntkmyjq
ghjrkflrb.
Rjvghtccjh ytghthsdyj hf,jnftn
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ldthm gkjnyj pfrhsnf> f
nfr;t d wtkjcnyjcnb b xbcnjnt t= egkjnybntkmyjq
ghjrkflrb.
Ecnfyjdbnt ,jktt dscjre/ ntvgthfnehe.
<jkmijt rjkbxtcndj rjyltycfnf b kmlf
Ecnfyjdbnt ,jktt dscjre/ ntvgthfnehe.
Ghjdthmnt> yt drk/x=y kb ht;bv pfvjhf;bdfybz.
Lbcgktq nthvjvtnhf gjrfpsdftn cfve/ dscjre/
ntvgthfnehe dyenhb vjhjpbkmybrf.
Hfc[j;ltybt vt;le gjrfpfybtv nthvjvtnhf b
bpvthtyyjq bysv j,hfpjv ntvgthfnehjq zdkztncz
yjhvfkmysv.
D vjhjpbkmybrt ckbirjv [jkjlyj
Ecnfyjdbnt ,jktt ybpre/ ntvgthfnehe.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ldthm gkjnyj pfrhsnf> f
nfr;t d wtkjcnyjcnb b xbcnjnt t= egkjnybntkmyjq
ghjrkflrb.
Gjvto=yyst d vjhjpbkmybr ghjlerns vjukb
jrfpfnmcz ckbirjv n=gksvb. Gjlj;lbnt ytcrjkmrj
xfcjd b cyjdf ghjdthmnt ntvgthfnehe.
Hfcgjkj;bnt ghjlerns nfrbv j,hfpjv> xnj,s djple[
vju cdj,jlyj wbhrekbhjdfnm vt;le ybvb.
D vjhjpbkmybrt ckbirjv ntgkj
Djpvj;yj> xnj vjhjpbkmybr njkmrj xnj drk/x=y b
to= yt ecgtk ljcnfnjxyj j[kflbnmcz> cv. cjjndtncnde-
/obq hfpltk. Ldthm vjukf ,snm jcnfdktyf d
jnrhsnjv gjkj;tybb ljcnfnjxyj yfljkuj lkz
chf,fnsdfybz fdfhbqyjuj cbuyfkf.
Hfplf=ncz pderjdjq cbuyfk> rhfcyfz kfvgjxrf
vbuftn !d vjhjpbkmybrt ckbirjv ntgkj@
Ytbcghfdyjcnm d bpvthtybb ntvgthfnehs. J,hfnbntcm
d egjkyjvjxtyye/ yf nt[j,cke;bdfybt b htvjyn
abhve. !Cbcntvf j[kf;ltybz j,tcgtxbdftn
yflkt;foe/ ntvgthfnehe ghjlernjd> jlyfrj
bpvthtybt ntvgthfnehs yt aeyrwbjybhetn.@
Yf lbcgktt ntvgthfnehs dblyj
j,jpyfxtybt « »> bkb ;t ;=knfz b rhfcyfz
cbuyfkmyst kfvgjxrb vbuf/n jlyjdhtvtyyj
Cbcntvf j[kf;ltybz ytcrjkmrj ievbn ghb hf,jnt d
ghjwtcct wbhrekzwbb [kfljfutynf d cbcntvt
j[kf;ltybz. Ghb drk/xtybb b dsrk/xtybb rjvghtccjhf
cksibncz gjo=krbdfybt.
Tckb iev rf;tncz ckbirjv cbkmysv%
jcnjhj;yj jnjuybnt nhe,s rjvghtccjhf pf
vjhjpbkmybrjv> nfr xnj,s jyb yt rfcfkbcm lheu
lheuf&
djpvj;yj jndfkbdibtcz ghjrkflrb vt;le nhe,fvb
b pflytq gfytkm/ vjhjpbkmybrf cktletn ecnfyjdbnm
yf vtcnj.
Cj,k/lfqnt erfpfybz> ghbdtl=yyst d hfpltkt
VJYNF:.
Vjhjpbkmybr ckbirjv ievbn
Ghj,ktvf
Djpvj;yfz ghbxbyf b t= ecnhfytybt
10
Yt jnrhsdfqnt ldthtq vjhjpbkmybrf ,tp
ytj,[jlbvjcnb. D ckexft ghjljk;bntkmyjuj j,hsdf
d gjlfxt gbnfybz ghjlerns cktletn gj djpvj;yjcnb
gthtkj;bnm d hf,jnf/obq vjhjpbkmybr.
Tckb gjckt j,hsdf d gjlfxt gbnfybz ghjlerns gj-
ght;ytve nd=hlst> b[ vj;yj cyjdf pfvjhjpbnm.
Tckb ghjlerns hfpvjhjpbkbcm> yj dsukzlzn b
gf[yen rfr cdt;bt> b[ cktletn ytvtlktyyj
ghbujnjdbnm b kb,j egjnht,bnm d gboe> kb,j
pfvjhjpbnm d ghbujnjdktyyjv dblt.
Tckb ytbcghfdyjcnm yt elf=ncz ecnhfybnm dsiterfpfyysv j,hfpjv> j,hfnbntcm d egjkyjvjxtyye/ yf
nt[j,cke;bdfybt b htvjyn abhve.
NT{J<CKE:BDFYBT B
PFGFCYST XFCNB
Pf nt[j,cke;bdfybtv b pfgxfcnzvb
j,hfofqntcm d egjkyjvjxtyye/ yf
nt[j,cke;bdfybt abhve.
Df;ytqibt pfgfcyst xfcnb r lfyyjq ,snjdjq
vfibyt vjuen ,snm ghbj,htntys d ntxtybt
10 ktn gjckt njuj> rfr jyf cyznf c
ghjbpdjlcndf.
UFHFYNBZ
Ufhfynbqyst eckjdbz ghbdtltys d jnltkmyjq
nf,kbwt.
Ddble ytghthsdyjuj hfpdbnbz yfitq ghjlerwbb
jcnfdkztv pf cj,jq ghfdj yf dytctybt
bpvtytybq.
Cjukfcyj Pfrjye «J pfobnt ghfd
gjnht,bntktq»> ghb yfheitybb ecnfyjdktyys[
ghfdbk bcgjkmpjdfybz dhtl> ghbxby=yysq
dcktlcndbt nfrb[ yfheitybq> yt djpvtoftncz
b nht,jdfybz gj ytljcnfnrfv> djpybribv d
htpekmnfnt nfrb[ yfheitybq> yt
eljdktndjhz/ncz.
Tckb Ds j,hfoftntcm d cthdbcysq wtynh gj
gjdjle jlyjq bp nfrb[ ytbcghfdyjcntq bkb d
htpekmnfnt ytcj,k/ltybz ghfdbk
'rcgkefnfwbb> nj> lf;t d gthbjl ltqcndbz
ufhfynbb> Dfv> djpvj;yj> ghbl=ncz jgkfnbnm
dspjd cgtwbfkbcnf.
J,hsd d gjlfxt gbnfybz
NT{YBXTCRBT LFYYST
Vjltkm EU 8297 CX
+vrjcnm ytnnj 292 k
Ibhbyf 595 vv
Dscjnf 1800 vv
Uke,byf 600 vv
Gjnht,ktybt 'ythubb430 rDn d ujl
"ythutnbxtcrbq rkfccB
Yjvbyfkmyfz vjoyjcnm120 Dn
Dtc 76 ru
Vjoyjcnm pfvjhf;bdfybz 22 ru d cenrb
Rjkbxtcndj rjvghtccjhjd 1
11
VJYNF:
HFCGFRJDRF
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj vjhjpbkmybr yt gjdhtlbkcz
d ghjwtcct nhfycgjhnbhjdrb. J djpvj;ys[
gjdht;ltybz[ cktletn ytvtlktyyj cjj,obnm
ghjlfdwe. Egfrjdjxyst vfnthbfks cktletn clfnm d
geyrn enbkbpfwbb dnjhbxyjuj cshmz. Byajhvfwb/
j, 'njv vj;yj gjkexbnm e cjjndtncnde/ob[
bycnfywbq bkb e ghjlfdwf vjhjpbkmybrf.
XBCNRF GTHTL YFXFKJV "RCGKEFNFWBB
Gthtl yfxfkjv 'rcgkefnfwbb vjhjpbkmybr cktletn
dsvsnm bpyenhb vzurjq nhzgrjq> cvjxtyyjq d n=gkjq
djlt c lj,fdktybtv chtlcndf lkz hexyjuj vsnmz
gjcels.
ECNFYJDRF
Lkz njuj xnj,s vjhjpbkmybr aeyrwbjybhjdfk
yflkt;fobv j,hfpjv> eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj%
¤ vjhjpbkmybr ecnfyjdkty d ce[jv ghj[kflyjv
vtcnt ,tp gjgflfybz yf ytuj ghzvjuj cjkytxyjuj
cdtnf&
¤ vjhjpbkmybr ecnfyjdkty dlfkb jn bcnjxybrjd
ntgkf> nfrb[ rfr gkbnf bkb gjceljvjtxyfz
vfibyf&
¤ ntvgthfnehf d gjvtotybb yf[jlbncz d ghtltkf[
jn }16·C lj }32·C&
¤ vjhjpbkmybr ecnfyjdkty ghzvj b cnjbn yf dct[
xtnsh=[ yj;rf[. Vjhjpbkmybr yt ljk;ty ,snm
ghbckjy=y r cntyt. Dscjnf yj;tr vj;tn ,snm ghb
ytj,[jlbvjcnb jnhtuekbhjdfyf c gjvjom/
ghbkfuftvjuj r vjhjpbkmybre htuekbhjdjxyjuj
rk/xf&
¤ djple[ cdj,jlyj wbhrekbhetn djrheu
vjhjpbkmybrf&
¤ dtynbkzwbjyyst rfyfks pf b gjl vjhjpbkmybrjv
ybxtv yt pfrhsns. Yfl vjhjpbkmybrjv ljk;yj
,snm yt vtytt 200 cv2 cdj,jlyjuj ghjcnhfycndf
kb,j f@ ghzvj yfl vjhjpbkmybrjv> kb,j b@ pf
vjhjpbkmybrjv b yfl ybv> d 'njv ckexft
hfccnjzybt jn pflytq gfytkb vjhjpbkmybrf lj
cntys ljk;yj ,snm yt vtytt 50 vv.
Tckb vjhjpbkmybr cnjbn d euke gtnkzvb r cntyt>
vt;le cntyjq b vjhjpbkmybrjv ljk;yj ,snm yt
vtytt 10 vv cdj,jlyjuj ghjcnhfycndf> lkz njuj
xnj,s ldthm jnrhsdfkfcm ljcnfnjxyj ibhjrj lkz
dsldb;tybz gjkjr.
Yt lfdfqnt ltnzv buhfnm c egfrjdjxysvb
vfnthbfkfvb. Gjkb'nbktyjdfz gk=yrf vj;tn
jrfpfnmcz jgfcyjq lkz ;bpyb.
50m
a)
b)
GJLRK?XTYBT GBNFYBZ
Vjhjpbkmybr cktletn gjlrk/xbnm r pfptvk=yyjq
hjptnrt.
Yfghz;tybt% 230 D.
Ghtlj[hfybntkm% 10 F.
Ytj,[jlbvst lfyyst ghbdtltys yf nf,kbxrt c
nt[ybxtcrbvb lfyysvb vjhjpbkmybrf> rjnjhfz
hfcgjkj;tyf dyenhb ytuj c ktdjq cnjhjys.
12
BPVTYTYBT CNJHJYS JNRHSDFYBZ LDTHB
1. Pfrhjqnt [jkjlbkmybr b dsymnt dbkre bp
hjptnrb.
2. Cybvbnt dtynbkzwbjyye/ hti=nre. Yf hti=nrt
bvttncz c(=vyfz ltnfkm> rjnjhe/ cktletn
cyznm b ecnfyjdbnm yf ghjnbdjgjkj;yjq
cnjhjyt.
3. Lkz njuj xnj,s gjkj;bnm [jkjlbkmybryf
,jr> gjl ytuj htrjvtyletncz gjlkj;bnm
rfre/-yb,elm vzure/ gjlrkflre> lkz njuj
xnj,s pf ytuj ,skj pfntv ktuxt dpznmcz ghb
gjlyznbb tuj j,hfnyj d dthnbrfkmyjt
gjkj;tybt.
4. Dth[yzz xfcnm [jkjlbkmybrf% ecnfyjdbnt
cnth;tym gtnkb yf ghjnbdjgjkj;yjq cnjhjyt.
5. Yb;yzz xfcnm [jkjlbkmybrf% dsdthybnt dbyns
gtnkb. Cybvbnt pfrhsdf/ott ecnhjqcndj ldthb
c gtnkb b gthtcnfdmnt cnth;tym gtnkb yf
ghjnbdjgjkj;ye/ cnjhjye. Ecnfyjdbnt
pfrhsdf-/ott ecnhjqcndj yf vtcnj.
6. Cybvbnt pfrhsdf/ott ecnhjqcndj yb;ytq
xfcnb ldthb. Dsymnt cjjndtncnde/oe/
gkfcnvfccjde/ pfukeire c ghjnbdjgjkj;yjq
cnjhjys> bcgjkmpez lkz 'njuj jnd=hnre.
Ecnfyjdbnt pfrhsdf/ott ecnhjqcndj yf vtcnj
b pfrhtgbnt yb;y// gtnk/.
7. Djpvj;ysq pfpjh cktletn elfkbnm
gjchtlcndjv htuekbhjdfybz dscjns yb;ytq
gtnkb ghbkfuftvsv r [jkjlbkmybre
htuekbhjdjxysv rk/xjv. Pfabrcbheqnt
gjkj;tybt ldthb rjynhzotq ufqrjq. Ecnfyjdbnt
dtynbkzwbjyye/ hti=nre j,hfnyj yf vtcnj.
9. Ecnfyjdbnt [jkjlbkmybr j,hfnyj d
dthnbrfkmyjt gjkj;tybt. Eljcnjdthmntcm d
njv> xnj jy dshjdyty gj ujhbpjynfkb. Cv.
erfpfybz> ghbdtl=yyst d hfpltkt Ecnfyjdrf.
1
2
3
5 a
4
5 b
a
b
6
c
8.Gthtcnfdmnt hexre yf ghjnbdjgjkj;ye/ cnjhjye%
jndthybnt dbyns> gjdthybnt hexre yf gjk-
j,jhjnf b pfrhtgbnt t= yf ghjnbdjgjkj;yjq
cnjhjyt.
1%6-)78%( ((),
/