1
ER 9002 B
818 17 95-00/9
{JKJLBKMYBR-VJHJPBKMYBR
BYCNHERWBZ GJ "RCGKEFNFWBB
RUS
2
ERFPFYBZ GJ <TPJGFCYJCNB "RCGKEFNFWBB
Dfi yjdsq [jkjlbkmybr vj;tn j,kflfnm aeyrwbzvb>
rjnjhs[ yt ,skj d Dfitv ghtlsleotv [jkjlbkmybrt.
Gj'njve c yfcnjzotq bycnherwbtq cktletn nofntkmyj
jpyfrjvbnmcz. Bycnherwb/ cktletn cj[hfybnm> lkz
njuj xnj,s t/ vj;yj ,skj djcgjkmpjdfnmcz gjp;t
bkb gthtlfnm t= djpvj;yjve yjdjve dkfltkmwe
[jkjlbkmybrf.
"rcgkefnfwbz
¤ Lfyysq [jkjlbkmybr ghtlyfpyfxty lkz [hfytybz
ghjlernjd gbnfybz d j,sxys[ ,snjds[ eckjdbz[
d cjjndtncndbb c yfcnjzotq bycnherwbtq.
¤ Rfr d [jkjlbkmybrt> nfr b d vjhjpbkmyjv
jnltktybb yt cktletn [hfybnm dphsdjjgfcys[
ufpjd bkb ;blrjcntq> nfr rfr 'nj vj;tn ghbdtcnb
r nhfdvfv b gjdht;ltybzv bveotcndf.
¤ R hfcgjkj;tyysv dyenhb b d pflytq xfcnb
[jkjlbkmybrf ltnfkzv cbcntvs j[kf;ltybz ytkmpz
ghbrfcfnmcz jcnhsvb ghtlvtnfvb. D ckexft
djpybryjdtybz ghj,jbys d cbcntvt j[kf;ltybz
[jkjlbkmybr gjdhtlbncz b [hfyzobtcz d y=v
ghjlerns ghblen d ytujlyjcnm.
¤ D vjhjpbkmyjv jnltktybb yt cktletn [hfybnm
ufpbhjdfyys[ yfgbnrjd bkb ,enskjr c ;blrjcnm/
> nfr rfr ,enskrb vjuen nhtcyenm.
¤ {jkjlbkmybr nz;=ksq> tuj rhfz bkb dscnegf/obt
xfcnb vjuen jrfpfnmcz jcnhsvb. Ghb gthtvtotybb
[jkjlbkmybrf cktletn cj,k/lfnm jcnjhj;yjcnm
b gjkmpjdfnmcz pfobnysvb gthxfnrfvb.
Ltnb
¤ Gjpf,jnmntcm j njv> xnj,s ltnb yt buhfkb c
htuekznjhfvb b dyenhtyybvb ltnfkzvb
[jkjlbkmybrf.
Xnj ltkfnm cj cnfhsv [jkjlbkmybrjv
Dsymnt dbkre bp hjptnrb b j,ht;mnt rf,tkm gbnfybz
rfr vj;yj ,kb;t r pflytq gfytkb [jkjlbkmybrf.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj dct pfvrb b pfo=krb cyzns
c [jkjlbkmybrf dj bp,t;fybt ytcxfcnys[ ckexftd
c vfktymrbvb ltnmvb. Kexit dctuj cyznm ldthm
gjkyjcnm/.
Gjcnfhfqntcm yt gjdhtlbnm cbcntve j[kf;ltybz
[jkjlbkmybrf. Bpjkzwbz b cbcntvf j[kf;ltybz
vjuen cjlth;fnm d ct,t dhtlyst lkz jpjyyjq
j,jkjxrb vfnthbfks. Gj 'njq ;t ghbxbyt [jkjlbkmybr
cktletn clfnm yf cjjndtncnde/obq geyrn enbkbpfwbb.
DYBVFYBT% d Dfitv yjdjv [jkjlbkmybrt dhtlyst
lkz jpjyyjq j,jkjxrb vfnthbfks jncencnde/n. D
bycnherwbb bvttncz ,jktt gjlhj,yfz byajhvfwbz.
Byajhvfwbz> rfcf/ofzcz clfxb cnfhjuj [jkjlbkmybrf
d geyrn enbkbpfwbb> vj;tn ,snm gjkextyf d
cjjndtncnde/ob[ bycnfywbz[> jndtxf/ob[ pf
j,hf,jnre jn[jljd.
CJLTH:FYBT
ERFPFYBZ GJ <TPJGFCYJCNB "RCGKEFNFWBB2
Xnj ltkfnm cj cnfhsv [jkjlbkmybrjv2
CJLTH:FYBT2
JGBCFYBT {JKJLBKMYBRF 3
Rjynhjkmyfz gfytkm 4
GTHTL YFXFKJV "RCGKEFNFWBB 4
"RCGKEFNFWBZ {JKJLBKMYBRF 4
Drk/xtybt gbnfybz b htuekbhjdfybt
ntvgthfnehs 4
Jnrk/xtybt gbnfybz 4
Ntvgthfnehf dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf 5
Bpvthtybt ntvgthfnehs4
Dyenhtyytt ghjcnhfycndj [jkjlbkmybrf 5
"RCGKEFNFWBZ VJHJPBKMYBRF 6
Drk/xtybt gbnfybz b htuekbhjdfybt
ntvgthfnehs 6
Jnrk/xtybt gbnfybz 6
Fdfhbqysq cbuyfk b lheubt aeyrwbb 6
Pfvjhf;bdfybt ghjlernjd 6
Ntvgthfnehf dyenhb vjhjpbkmybrf 7
Chjrb [hfytybz ghjlernjd 7
Hfpvjhf;bdfybt 7
Dyenhtyytt ghjcnhfycndj vjhjpbkmybrf 7
GHFRNBXTCRBT CJDTNS 8
Cjdtns gj 'rjyjvbb 'ythubb 8
"rjkjubz 8
J[hfyf jrhe;f/otq chtls 8
XBCNRF B E{JL 9
Tckb [jkjlbkmybryt bcgjkmpetncz 9
Cyznbt dtynbkzwbjyyjq hti=nrb 9
Pfvtyf kfvgjxrb dyenhtyytuj jcdtotybz 9
Xbcnrf 9
Hfpvjhf;bdfybt vjhjpbkmybrf 10
Hfpvjhf;bdfybt [jkjlbkmybrf 9
D CKEXFT DJPYBRYJDTYBZ YTBCGHFDYJCNB 10
Ufhfynbz 15
Nt[j,cke;bdfybt b pfgxfcnb 15
NT{YBXTCRBT LFYYST 12
VJYNF: 12
Hfcgfrjdrf 12
Nhfycgjhnbhjdjxyst jgjhs 12
Xbcnrf gthtl yfxfkjv 'rcgkefnfwbb 13
Ecnfyjdrf 13
Gjlrk/xtybt gbnfybz 14
Bpvtytybt cnjhjys jnrhsdfybz ldthb 14
3
JGBCFYBT {JKJLBKMYBRF-VJHJPBKMYBRF
RJYNHJKMYFZ GFYTKM
F Ptk=yfz cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf
Ujhbn ghb drk/x=yyjv vjhjpbkmybrt.
G Htuekznjh ntvgthfnehs
Bcgjkmpetncz lkz drk/xtybz b htuekbhjdfybz
ntvgthfnehs dyenhb vjhjpbkmybrf.
Y Ptk=yfz cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf
Ujhbn ghb drk/x=yyjv [jkjlbkmybrt.
I Htuekznjh ntvgthfnehs
Bcgjkmpetncz lkz drk/xtybz b htuekbhjdfybz
ntvgthfnehs dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf.
F Lbcgktq nthvjvtnhf
Gjrfpsdftn cfve/ dscjre/ ntvgthfnehe dyenhb
vjhjpbkmybrf.
D Ryjgrf c,hjcf fdfhbqyjuj pderjdjuj cbuyfkf
Bcgjkmpetncz lkz dsrk/xtybz fdfhbqyjuj pderjdjuj
cbuyfkf.
C Rhfcyfz cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf
Vbuftn d ckexft drk/xtybz fdfhbqyjuj cbuyfkf.
D Ryjgrf ,scnhjuj pfvjhf;bdfybz
Bcgjkmpetncz lkz drk/xtybz b dsrk/xtybz aeyrwbb
,scnhjuj pfvjhf;bdfybz.
E :=knfz cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf
Ujhbn ghb drk/x=yyjv ht;bvt ,scnhjuj
pfvjhf;bdfybz.
A BCDEF G H I
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13
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8
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10
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5
1
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6
1. Cntrkzyyfz gjkrf
2. Gjkrf lkz ,enskjr
5. Zobr lkz jdjotq
6. Zobr vjhjpbkmybrf
7. Jnltktybt lkz vfckf
8. Ldthyjt jnltktybt
3. Gjldtcyjq zobr
9. Jnltktybt lkz zbw
10. Yb;yzz gjkrf
11. Rfktylfhm vjhjpbkmybrf
13. Gjlyjc lkz pfvjhf;bdfybz
12. Dtynbkzwbjyyfz hti=nrf
4
GTHTL YFXFKJV "RCGKEFNFWBB
Ecnfyjdbnt [jkjlbkmybr yf vtcnj b dsgjkybnt
xbcnre jgbcfyysv d hfpltkt VJYNF: j,hfpjv.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj hfcgjkj;tyysq pf
[jkjlbkmybrjv ikfyu nfkjq djls dtl=n d
bcgfhbntkmysq gjlljy.
Gthtl ntv rfr dcnfdbnm dbkre d hjptnre
b drk/xbnm [jkjlbkmybr d gthdsq hfp>
tve cktletn lfnm jncnjznmcz d ntxtybt
ghb,kbpbntkmyj 30 vbyen bkb ;t d
ntxtybt 4 xfcjd d ckexft
nhfycgjhnbhjdrb [jkjlbkmybrf yf ,jre>
lkz njuj xnj,s ;blrjcnm cbcntvs
j[kf;ltybz ecgtkf c,fkfycbhjdfnmcz.
D ghjnbdyjv ckexft rjvghtccjh
[jkjlbkmybrf vj;tn gjdhtlbnmcz.
"RCGKEFNFWBZ {JKJLBKMYBRF
Drk/xtybt gbnfybz b htuekbhjdfybt
ntvgthfnehs
Ecnfyjdbnt htuekznjh ntvgthfnehs ;tkftvjt
gjkj;tybt.
Min% gjkj;tybt cfvjq dscjrjq ntvgthfnehs.
Max% vjkj;tybt cfvjq ybprjq ntvgthfnehs.
¤ % dsrk/xtyyjt gjkj;tybt.
Jnrk/xtybt gbnfybz
Ecnfyjdbnt htuekznjh ntvgthfnehs xthtp otkxjr d
gjkj;tybt ¤ .
Bpvthtybt ntvgthfnehs
D ckexft bpvthtybz ntvgthfnehs dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf
j,sxysv nthvjvtnhjv tuj cktletn gjcnfdbnm d
cnfrfy djls d wtynht [jkjlbkmybrf. D 'njv ckexft
gjrfpsdftvfz bv ntvgthfnehf yfb,jktt cjjndtncndetn
ntvgthfneht [hfybvs[ d [jkjlbkmybrt ghjlernjd.
Nthvjvtnh yt cktletn gjldtibdfnm bkb rkfcnm yf
gjkre.
Gjktpyst cjdtns%
¤ Ghjlerns ljk;ys ,snm hfpkj;tys d [jkjlbkmybrt
jnltkmyj lheu jn lheuf nfrbv j,hfpjv> xnj,s
djple[ vju cdj,jlyj wbhrekbhjdfnm vt;le
ybvb.
¤ Ghjlerns yt ljk;ys rfcfnmcz gfytkb j[kf;ltybz
d pflytq cntyrt [jkjlbkmybrf> nfr rfr jyb vjuen
ghb 'njv pfv=hpyenm.
¤ Yb d rjtv ckexft yt gjvtofqnt d [jkjlbkmybr
n=gks[ ghjlernjd. Ghjlerns ljk;ys cyfxfkf
jcnsnm lj rjvyfnyjq ntvgthfnehs.
¤ Dct ghjlerns ljk;ys ,snm yflkt;fobv j,hfpjv
egfrjdfys dj bp,t;fybt gthtlfxb drecjd b
pfgf[jd.
Ntvgthfnehf dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf
Gjl[jlzotq ntvgthfnehjq dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf
zdkztncz }5·C. <jktt ybprfz ntvgthfnehf vj;tn
ghbdtcnb r pfvthpfyb/ ghjlernjd c dscjrbv
cjlth;fybtv ;blrjcnb d ckexft b[ gjvtotybz d
cfvst [jkjlyst vtcnf dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf. Cfvst
[jkjlyst b cfvst n=gkst vtcnf d [jkjlbkmybrt
bpj,hf;tys yf hbceyrt. Vzcyst> hs,yst b vjkjxyst
ghjlerns cktletn gjvtofnm d cfvst [jkjlyst
vtcnf !-@.
Dyenhtyytt ghjcnhfycndj [jkjlbkmybrf
Gjkrb b ldthyst jnltktybz kturj cybvf/ncz> b[
vj;yj vtyznm vtcnfvb. Ytrjnjhst gjkrb cktletn
cyfxfkf ghbgjlyznm c pflytq xfcnb> lkz njuj xnj,s
b[ vj;yj ,skj dsnzyenm yf ct,z.
Yb;ytt ldthyjt jnltktybt> f nfr;t gjkre yfl
jnltktybtv lkz [hfytybz jdjotq yt cktletn
gthtcnfdkznm> nfr rfr jyb j,tcgtxbdf/n ghfdbkmye/
wbhrekzwb/ djple[f dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf. Gjkrb c
gjlyznsv rhftv cktletn ecnfyfdkbdfnm gjlyznsv
rhftv r pflytq cntyrt [jkjlbkmybrf> lkz njuj xnj,s
[hfybvst ghjlerns yt rfcfkbcm gfytkb j[kf;ltybz.
Zobr lkz [hfytybz jdjotq hfpltk=y yf ytcrjkmrj
jnltktybq lkz [hfytybz hfpkbxys[ dblkjd jdjotq.
Gjkrb b ldthyst jnltktybz kturj cybvf/ncz> b[
vj;yj vtyznm vtcnfvb. Ytrjnjhst gjkrb cktletn
cyfxfkf ghbgjlyznm c pflytq xfcnb> lkz njuj xnj,s
b[ vj;yj ,skj dsnzyenm yf ct,z.
5
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"RCGKEFNFWBZ VJHJPBKMYBRF
Drk/xtybt gbnfybz b htuekbhjdfybt
ntvgthfnehs
Ecnfyjdbnt htuekznjh ntvgthfnehs ;tkftvjt
gjkj;tybt.
Min% gjkj;tybt cfvjq dscjrjq ntvgthfnehs.
Max% vjkj;tybt cfvjq ybprjq ntvgthfnehs.
¤ % dsrk/xtyyjt gjkj;tybt.
Jnrk/xtybt gbnfybz
Ecnfyjdbnt htuekznjh ntvgthfnehs xthtp otkxjr d
gjkj;tybt ¤ .
Gjckt dscnfdktybz ntvgthfnehs vjhjpbkmybre
cktletn lfnm gjhf,jnfnm d ntxtybt cenjr> lkz njuj
xnj,s ntvgthfnehf ecgtkf c,fkfycbhjdfnmcz. Ghb
drk/xtybb vjhjpbkmybrf gjckt gththsdf d
'rcgkefnfwbb d 'njv ytn ytj,[jlbvjcnb> nfr rfr
ntvgthfnehf fdnjvfnbxtcrb ecnfyfdkbdftncz yf njn
ehjdtym> yf rjnjhjv jyf ,skj lj dsrk/xtybz.
FDFHBQYSQ CBUYFK B LHEUBT AEYRWBB
Fdfhbqysq cbuyfk ntvgthfnehs
Tckb ntvgthfnehf d vjhjpbkmybrt gjlybvftncz
dsit -12·C> hfplf=ncz pderjdjq cbuyfk b pfujhftncz
cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf. Jlyjdhtvtyyj c 'nbv vbuftn
pyfxtybt ntvgthfnehs yf lbcgktt. Lkz njuj xnj,s
dsrk/xbnm pderjdjq cbuyfk> yf;vbnt yf ryjgre tuj
c,hjcf. Rhfcyfz cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf gjufcytn>
rjulf ntvgthfnehf dyenhb vjhjpbkmybrf jgecnbncz
yb;t -13·C.
Pfvjhf;bdfybt
Tckb d ntxtybt 24 xfcjd pfvjhf;bdf/ncz njkmrj
kbim yt,jkmibt rjkbxtcndf ghjlernjd> d yf;fnbb yf
ryjgre ,scnhjuj pfvjhf;bdfybz ytn ytj,[jlbvjcnb.
D ghjnbdyjv ckexft yf ryjgre cktletn yf;fnm
ghb,kbpbntkmyj pf cenrb lj gjvtotybz
pfvjhf;bdftvs[ ghjlernjd d vjhjpbkmybr. Gj
ght,sdfybb ghlernjd d vjhjpbkmybrt d ntxtybt 24
xfcjd ht;bv pfvjhf;bdfybz cktletn dsrk/xbnm
gjdnjhysv yf;fnbtv yf ryjgre. :=knfz cbuyfkmyfz
kfvgjxrf ujhbn dc= dhtvz ghb drk/x=yyjv ht;bvt
pfvjhf;bdfybz.
6
7
Gjktpyst cjdtns gj pfvjhf;bdfyb/%
¤ Pfvjhf;bdftvst ghjlerns cktletn rkfcnm yf
dth[y// gjkre bkb yf yf[jlzoe/cz
ytgjchtlcndtyyj gjl ytq gjkre.
¤ Ghjlerns cktletn rkfcnm ghzvj yf gjkre lkz
pfvjhf;bdfybz.
¤ Ghjlerns cktletn hfcgjkfufnm nfrbv j,hfpjv>
xnj,s djple[ vju cdj,jlyj wbhrekbhjdfnm
vt;le ybvb.
¤ Pfvjhf;bdftvst ghjlerns yt ljk;ys rfcfnmcz
e;t pfvjhj;tyys[> nfr rfr pfvjhj;tyysq ghjlern
vj;tn d 'njv ckexft xfcnbxyj hfpvjhjpbnmcz.
¤ Gjckt njuj rfr cdt;bt ghjlerns jrf;encz
gjkyjcnm/ pfvjhj;tys> b[ cktletn gjkj;bnm rfr
vj;yj ,jktt gkjnyj lheu r lheue> lkz njuj
xnj,s jyb yt hfpvjhf;bdfkbcm d ntxtybt rfr
vj;yj ,jktt ghjljk;bntkmyjuj dhtvtyb>
yfghbvth> d ckexft j,hsdf d gjlfxt gbnfybz.
¤ Yt pfvjhf;bdfqnt ckbirjv ,jkmijuj rjkbxtcndf
ghjlernjd jlyjdhtvtyyj. Vjoyjcnm
pfvjhf;bdfybz vjhjpbkmybrf erfpfyf d nf,kbwt
c nt[ybxtcrbvb lfyysvb.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj vjhjpbkmybr hf,jnftn b
xnj ntvgthfnehf lth;bncz yf ecnfyjdktyyjv ehjdyt
d ntxtybt cenjr gjckt gthdjuj drk/xtybz. Njkmrj
gjckt 'njuj vjhjpbkmybr vj;yj bcgjkmpjdfnm lkz
pfvjhf;bdfybz cdt;b[ ghjlernjd.
Ntvgthfnehf dyenhb vjhjpbkmybrf
Lkz njuj xnj,s ghjlerns [hfybkbcm rfr vj;yj
ljkmit> ntvgthfnehf dyenhb vjhjpbkmybrf ljk;yf
,snm -18·C bkb yb;t. J,hfnbnt dybvfybt yf nj> xnj
gj vtht cyb;tybz ntvgthfnehs gjnht,ktybt gbnfybz
djphfcnftn.
Lbcgktq nthvjvtnhf gjrfpsdftn ntvgthfnehe d
cfvjq n=gkjq njxrt dyenhb vjhjpbkmybrf. Lkz njuj
xnj,s bpvthbnm ntvgthfnehe j,sxysv nthvjvtnhjv>
tuj cktletn gjvtcnbnm vt;le pfvjhj;tyysvb
ghjlernfvb> lkz njuj xnj,s jy gjrfpsdfk b[
ltqcndbntkmye/ ntvgthfnehe. D ckexft bpvthtybz
ntvgthfnehs rfrbv-kb,j bysv j,hfpjv gjrfpfybt
jrfpsdftncz ytcrjkmrj ,jktt dscjrbv.
Chjrb [hfytybz ghjlernjd
Cj,k/lfqnt chjrb [hfytybz regktyys[ d vfufpbyt
pfvjhj;tyys[ ghjlernjd.
Pvjhj;tyyst ljvf ghjlerns% ;bhyst b cjk=yst
ghjlerns vjuen [hfybnmcz d vjhjpbkmybrt yt ,jktt
nh=[ vtczwtd. Dfh=yst ghjlerns b ghjlerns c
yt,jkmibv cjlth;fybtv ;bhf [hfybncz d
vjhjpbkmybrt lj gjkeujlf. Gjcnyst ghjlerns b
zujls [hfyzncz d vjhjpbkmybrt lj ujlf.
Hfpvjhf;bdfybt
Ghjlerns kexit dctuj hfpvjhf;bdfnm d [jkjlbkmybrt
d uke,jrjq nfhtkrt> lkz njuj xnj,s nf/ofz ;blrjcnm
yt ghjntrkf dj dyenhtyytt ghjcnhfycndj
[jkjlbkmybrf. Lkz ,scnhjuj hfpvjhf;bdfybz
ghjlernjd b[ vj;yj gjvtcnbnm d rjvyfnye/
ntvgthfnehe bkb d [jkjlye/ djle. D ckexft
hfpvjhf;bdfybz ghjlernjd d vbrhjdjkyjdjq gtxb
cktletn cj,k/lfnm erfpfybz t= bpujnjdbntktq.
DYENHTYYTT GHJCNHFYCNDJ VJHJPBKMYBRF
Zobrb vjhjpbkmybrf
Zobrb lkz [hfytybz ghjlernjd gjvjuf/n ,scnhj
yfqnb ye;ysq ghjlern. Lkz edtkbxtybz j,(=vf
dyenhtyytuj ghjcnhfycndf vjhjpbkmybrf zobrb vj;yj
dsyenm b gjkj;bnm ghjlerns ghzvj yf gjkrb. Yf dct
gjkrb pf bcrk/xtybtv dth[ytq ghjlerns vj;yj
rkfcnm nfrbv j,hfpjv> xnj,s jyb dscnegfkb pf rhfq
gjkrb yf 20 vv> lkz vfrcbvfkmyjuj bcgjkmpjdfybz
dyenhtyytuj ghjcnhfycndf vjhjpbkmybrf.
Yb;ybq zobr dsybvfnm bp vjhjpbkmybrf yt cktletn>
nfr rfr tuj ghbcencndbt ytj,[jlbvj lkz yflkt;fotq
wbhrekzwbb djple[f.
Gjlyjc lkz pfvjhf;bdfybz
Gjlyjc lkz pfvjhf;bdfybz bcgjkmpetncz lkz
pfvjhf;bdfybz> yfghbvth> zujl b bkb jdjotq.
Ghjlerns pfvjhf;bdf/ncz ghb,kbpbntkmyj pf xtnsht
xfcf> gjckt xtuj b[ vj;yj egfrjdfnm j,sxysv
j,hfpjv. Nfr rfr zujls pfvjhj;tys gj jnltkmyjcnb>
jyb yt ghbvthpf/n lheu r lheue b b[ vj;yj
dsybvfnm bp egfrjdrb d ye;yjv rjkbxtcndt.
Gjcelf lkz ghbujnjdktybz ktlzys[ re,brjd
Gjcele lkz ghbujnjdktybz ktlzys[ re,brjd cktletn
pfgjkyznm djljq yt ,jktt xtv yf nhb xtndthnb> nfr
rfr djlf ghb pfvthpfybb hfcibhztncz. Ktlzyst
re,brb dsybvf/ncz gjchtlcndjv jcnjhj;yjuj
cub,fybz gjcels. Ghb ckbirjv ljkujv [hfytybb
ktlzyst re,brb dscs[f/n b b[ drec e[eliftncz>
gj'njve cnfhst re,brb kexit elfkbnm bp gjcels
b ghbujnjdbnm yjdst.
8
GHFRNBXTCRBT CJDTNS
Cjdtns gj 'rjyjvbb 'ythubb
¤ Vtcnj hfcgjkj;tybz [jkjlbkmybrf cktletn
nofntkmyj ds,hfnm cjukfcyj erfpfybzv>
ghbdtl=yysv d hfpltkt VJYNF:. Ghfdbkmyj
ecnfyjdktyysq [jkjlbkmybr gjnht,kztn vtymit
'ythubb.
¤ Yt jnrhsdfqnt ldthtq [jkjlbkmybrf ,tp
ytj,[jlbvjcnb b yt lth;bnt b[ ckbirjv ljkuj
d jnrhsnjv gjkj;tybb.
¤ Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ldthb [jkjlbkmybrf
gkjnyj pfrhsns.
¤ Pfvjhj;tyyst ghjlerns cktletn hfpvjhf;bdfnm
d [jkjlbkmybrt> nfr rfr b[ [jkjl cyb;ftn
gjnht,ktybt 'ythubb [jkjlbkmybrf.
¤ Hfcgjkj;tyyst pf [jkjlbkmybrjv rjvghtccjh b
cbcntve j[kf;ltybz cktletn xbcnbnm gsktcjcjv
ghb,kbpbntkmyj hfp d ujl.
¤ Gthtl ntv rfr gjvtcnbnm ghjlerns d vjhjpbkmybr>
j[kflbnt b[ d [jkjlbkmybrt.
¤ Dj bp,t;fybt j,hfpjdfybz bpkbiytuj rjkbxtcndf
ktlzyjuj rjyltycfnf ghjlerns cktletn nofntkmyj
egfrjdsdfnm.
¤ Ghb pfvjhf;bdfybb ghjlernjd cktletn nofntkmyj
cj,k/lfnm erfpfybz> ghbdtl=yyst d hfpltkt
PFVJHF:BDFYBT> lkz njuj xnj,s vjhjpbkmybr
hfc[jljdfk vbybvfkmyjt rjkbxtcndj 'ythubb.
¤ D ckbirjv ybprjq ntvgthfneht dyenhb
vjhjpbkmybrf ytn ytj,[jlbvjcnb. Gj[jlzofz
ntvgthfnehf yf[jlbncz d ghtltkf[ jn -18·C lj -
20·C.
¤ Rjulf ckjq ktlzyjuj rjyltycfnf ljcnbuytn 3 - 5
vv> vjhjpbkmybr cktletn hfpvjhjpbnm.
¤ Eljcnjdthmntcm d wtkjcnyjcnb b xbcnjnt
egkjnybntkmyjq ghjrkflrb ldthb.
"rjkjubz
¤ Bpjkzwbz b [kfljfutyn [jkjlbkmybrf yt cjlth;fn
dhtlys[ lkz jpjyyjq j,jkjxrb vfnthbfkjd.
¤ Dct egfrjdjxyst vfnthbfks [jkjlbkmybrf
gjlkt;fn gjdnjhyjve bcgjkmpjdfyb/.
¤ Rjycnherwbz [jkjlbkmybrf nfrjdf> xnj jy kturj
ltvjynbhetncz lkz enbkbpfwbb.
J[hfyf jrhe;f/otq chtls
¤ Rfr egfrjdjxyst vfnthbfks> nfr b cnfhst
[jkjlbkmybrb b vjhjpbkmybrb cktletn ljcnfdkznm
yf geyrn enbkbpfwbb dnjhbxyjuj cshmz.
Ljgjkybntkmye/ byajhvfwb/ vj;yj gjkexbnm e
jndtxf/ob[ pf j,hf,jnre jn[jljd bycnfywbq bkb
e ghjlfdwf [jkjlbkmybrf.
¤ Ghjlerns cktletn [hfybnm d ,fyrf[ b egfrjdrf[>
rjnjhst vj;yj bcgjkmpjdfnm ytjlyjrhfnyj.
¤ Lkz xbcnrb [jkjlbkmybrf cktletn bcgjkmpjdfnm
vzurbt vj/obt chtlcndf.
¤ Cj,k/lfqnt cjdtns gj 'rjyjvbb 'ythubb.
9
XBCNRF B E{JL
Cyznbt dtynbkzwbjyyjq hti=nrb
Dtynbkzwbjyye/ hti=nre vj;yj cyznm> yfghbvth>
lkz j,ktxtybz xbcnrb [jkjlbkmybrf. Lkz njuj xnj,s
cyznm hti=nre> gjnzybnt t= yf ct,z nfr> xnj,s jyf
jno=kryekfcm c abrcfnjhjd.
Cj;vbnt ghe;byre ldevz gfkmwfvb b jlyjdhtvtyyj
dsnzybnt pfobnye/ hti=nre kfvgjxrb gj yfghfdktyb/
dybp. Pfvtybnt gthtujhtdie/ kfvgjxre yf
fyfkjubxye/ abhvtyyre/ kfvgjxre> wjrjkm T14>
vjoyjcnm yt ,jktt 25 Dn. Lbfvtnh cntrkf kfvgjxrb
e wjrjkz ljk;yj cjcnfdkznm yt vtytt 18 vv> lkz
njuj xnj,s jyf gkjnyj ghbktufkf r egkjnybntkmyjq
ghjrkflrt.
Pfvtyf kfvgjxrb dyenhtyytuj jcdtotybz
Kfvgjxrf dyenhtyytuj jcdtotybz [jkjlbkmybrf
drk/xftncz fdnjvfnbxtcrb ghb jnrhsdfybb ldthb.
Gthtl dsgjkytybtv pfvtys kfvgjxrb dbkre cktletn
dsyenm bp hjptnrb.
Rjulf [jkjlbkmybr yt bcgjkmpetncz
Dsrk/xbnt [jkjlbkmybr b dsymnt dbkre bp hjptnrb
bkb ;t dsdthybnt ghtlj[hfybntkm. Xbcnrf
[jkjlbkmybrf dsgjkyztncz nfr> rfr jgbcfyj d
cjjndtncnde/otv hfpltkt. Dj bp,t;fybt j,hfpjdfybz
ytghbznyjuj pfgf[f ldthm [jkjlbkmybrf cktletn
jcnfdbnm d ghbjnrhsnjv gjkj;tybb.
Xbcnrf
{jkjlbkmybr cktletn htuekzhyj xbcnbnm. Gthtl
dsgjkytybtv xbcnrb [jkjlbkmybrf tuj cktletn
dsrk/xbnm b dsyenm dbkre bp hjptnrb bkb ;t
dsdthyenm ghtlj[hfybntkm. Dsybvf/obtcz ltnfkb
cktletn dsyenm b dsvsnm dhexye/. Dyenhtyybt b
yfhe;yst gjdth[yjcnb> f nfr;t egkjnybntkmye/
ghjrkflre ldthb [jkjlbkmybrf cktletn nofntkmyj
ghjnthtnm vzurjq nhzgrjq> cvjxtyyjq n=gkjq djljq
c lj,fdktybtv chtlcndf lkz hexyjuj vsnmz gjcels.
Yt pfrhsdfqnt ldthb lj nt[ gjh> gjrf dyenhtyybt
gjdth[yjcnb [jkjlbkmybr yt dscj[yen gjkyjcnm/.
Rfyfk lkz cnjrf nfkjq djls dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf
cktletn gthbjlbxtcrb xbcnbnm. D ckexft pfcjhtybz
rfyfk cktletn ghjqnb ytjcnhsv gkfcnvfccjdsv
ghtlvtnjv.
Lkz njuj xnj,s [jkjlbkmybr yt wfhfgfk gjk> ghb
gthtvtotybb tuj cktletn gjlybvfnm pf gthtlybq
rhfq.
Hfpvjhf;bdfybt [jkjlbkmybrf
Hfpvjhf;bdfybt [jkjlbkmybrf ghjbc[jlbn
fdnjvfnbxtcrb rf;lsq hfp> rjulf rjvghtccjh ds-
rk/xftncz. Lkz njuj xnj,s ghtljndhfnbnm j,hfpjdfybt
bpkbiytuj rjkbxtcndf ktlzyjuj rjyltycfnf%
¤ gjvtofqnt d [jkjlbkmybr njkmrj jcnsdibt
ghjlerns&
¤ yt jnrhsdfqnt ldthb ,tp ytj,[jlbvjcnb b yt
lth;bnt t= ckbirjv ljkuj d jnrhsnjv gjkj;tybb&
¤ yt rkflbnt ghjlernjd dgkjnye/ r pflytq cntyrt
dyenhtyytuj ghjcnhfycndf [jkjlbkmybrf.
10
Hfpvjhf;bdfybt vjhjpbkmybrf
Yf gjkrf[ b d dth[ytq xfcnb vjhjpbkmybrf j,hfpetncz
ytrjnjhjt rjkbxtncdj ktlzyjuj rjyltycfnf. Rjulf
njkobyf tuj ckjz ljcnbuytn 3 - 5 vv> vjhjpbkmybr
cktletn hfpvjhjpbnm.
Dsymnt bp vjhjpbkmybrf zobrb. Gjcnfdmnt zobrb
lheu yf lheuf> hfpdthyed lkz 'njuj rf;lsq dnjhjq
zobr yf 90 uhflecjd. Zobrb vj;yj yfrhsnm
ufptnyjq ,evfujq bkb jltzkjv. Pfvjhj;tyyst
ghjlerns ljk;ys ,snm gkjnyj ghb;fns lheu r
lheue b gjkj;tys d ghj[kflyjt vtcnj> yfghbvth>
d [jkjlbkmybr.
Lkz ecrjhtybz ghjwtccf hfpvjhf;bdfybz d
vjhjpbkmybr vj;yj gjcnfdbnm cjcel c ujhzxtq !yj
yt rbgzotq@ djljq.
Dsldbymnt ;=kj, lkz cnjrf nfkjq djls b gjlcnfdmnt
gjl ytuj yb;ybq zobr vjhjpbkmybrf> lkz njuj xnj,s
d ytuj cntrfkf djlf. Lkz njuj xnj,s jcdj,jlbnm
ljcnfnjxyjt lkz 'njuj ghjcnhfycndj> cybvbnt
dtynbkzwbjyye/ hti=nre.
Gj vtht nfzybz kmlf tuj vj;yj elfkznm c gjvjom/
gkfcnvfccjdjq bkb lthtdzyyjq kjgfnrb. Yb d rjtv
ckexft yt bcgjkmpeqnt jcnhs[ bkb wfhfgf/ob[
ghtlvtnjd.
Gjckt hfpvjhf;bdfybz dsnhbnt vjhjpbkmybr yfce[j
b pfldbymnt ;=kj, lkz cnjrf nfkjq djls yf vtcnj.
Drk/xbnt vjhjpbkmybr b gjkj;bnt d ytuj ghjlerns.
D CKEXFT DJPYBRYJDTYBZ YTBCGHFDYJCNB
Ghbxbyf ytbcghfdyjcnb vj;tn jrfpfnmcz yfcnjkmrj ghjcnjq> xnj t= vj;yj ecnhfybnm cfvjcnjzntkmyj. Gthtl
ntv rfr j,hfnbnmcz d egjkyjvjxtyye/ yf nt[j,cke;bdfybt b htvjyn abhve> dybvfntkmyj ghjxbnfqnt
yb;tghbdtl=yyst erfpfybz.
D [jkjlbkmybrt ckbirjv ntgkj
Ecnfyjdbnt ,jktt ybpre/ ntvgthfnehe.
Hfcgjkj;bnt ghjlerns dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf
yflkt;fobv j,hfpjv - cv. cjjndtncnde/obq hfpltk.
Hfcgjkj;bnt ghjlerns nfrbv j,hfpjv> xnj,s djple[
vju cdj,jlyj wbhrekbhjdfnm vt;le ybvb.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ldthm gkjnyj pfrhsnf> f
nfr;t d wtkjcnyjcnb b xbcnjnt t= egkjnybntkmyjq
ghjrkflrb.
Jrhe;f/ofz [jkjlbkmybr ntvgthfnehf dsit
yjhvfkmyjq rjvyfnyjq.
D [jkjlbkmybrt ckbirjv [jkjlyj
Ecnfyjdbnt ,jktt dscjre/ ntvgthfnehe.
Jdjob b kturj pfvthpf/obt ghjlerns vjukb
jrfpfnmcz gjvtotys yf ckbirjv [jkjlye/ gjkre.
Cv. hfpltk Ntvgthfnehf dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf.
Gj j[kflbnkmyjq gfytkb dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf
ntx=n djlf
"nj zdkztncz yjhvfkmysv zdktybtv. D ghjwtcct
fdnjvfnbxtcrjuj hfpvjhf;bdfybz j,hfpe/obqcz yf
gjdth[yjcnb j[kflbntkmyjq gfytkb rjyltycfn nftn.
D ghjwtcct hfpvjhf;bdfybz
bcgjkmpjdfybt atyf lkz ceirb djkjc
bkb lheub[ yfuhtdfntkmys[ ecnhjqcnd
yt ljgecrftncz. Gthtuhtd vj;tn
gjdhtlbnm dyenhtyybt gkfcnvfccjdst
ltnfkb vjhjpbkmybrf> dcktlcndbt xtuj
djlf vj;tn gjgfcnm yf tuj
'ktrnhbxtcrbt ltnfkb. "nj vj;tn
ghbdtcnb r elfhe njrjv.
11
D [jkjlbkmybr ntx=n djlf
Ghjxbcnbnt rfyfk b jndthcnbt lkz cnjrf nfkjq djls
b eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj gjvto=yyst d
[jkjlbkmybr ghjlerns yt ghtgzncnde/n cnjre djls
d rfyfk.
Djlf ntx=n yf gjk
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj yf[jlzobqcz pf
[jkjlbkmybrjv ikfyu lkz cnjrf nfkjq djls dtl=n
d bcgfhbntkmysq gjlljy. Cv. hfpltk Gthtl yfxfkjv
'rcgkefnfwbb.
D vjhjpbkmybrt ckbirjv ntgkj
Ecnfyjdbnt ,jktt ybpre/ ntvgthfnehe.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ldthm gkjnyj pfrhsnf> f
nfr;t d wtkjcnyjcnb b xbcnjnt t= egkjnybntkmyjq
ghjrkflrb.
Gjvto=yyst d vjhjpbkmybr ghjlerns vjukb
jrfpfnmcz ckbirjv n=gksvb. Gjlj;lbnt ytcrjkmrj
xfcjd b cyjdf ghjdthmnt ntvgthfnehe.
Hfcgjkj;bnt ghjlerns nfrbv j,hfpjv> xnj,s djple[
vju cdj,jlyj wbhrekbhjdfnm vt;le ybvb.
D vjhjpbkmybrt ckbirjv [jkjlyj
Ecnfyjdbnt ,jktt dscjre/ ntvgthfnehe.
Ghjdthmnt> yt drk/x=y kb ht;bv pfvjhf;bdfybz.
Lbcgktq nthvjvtnhf gjrfpsdftn cfve/ dscjre/
ntvgthfnehe dyenhb vjhjpbkmybrf.
Hfc[j;ltybt vt;le gjrfpfybtv nthvjvtnhf b
bpvthtyyjq bysv j,hfpjv ntvgthfnehjq zdkztncz
yjhvfkmysv.
<jkmijt rjkbxtcndj rjyltycfnf b kmlf
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ldthm gkjnyj pfrhsnf> f
nfr;t d wtkjcnyjcnb b xbcnjnt t= egkjnybntkmyjq
ghjrkflrb.
Ecnfyjdbnt ,jktt dscjre/ ntvgthfnehe.
Rjvghtccjh ytghthsdyj hf,jnftn
Ecnfyjdbnt ,jktt dscjre/ ntvgthfnehe.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ldthm gkjnyj pfrhsnf> f
nfr;t d wtkjcnyjcnb b xbcnjnt t= egkjnybntkmyjq
ghjrkflrb.
{jkjlbkmybr djj,ot yt hf,jnftn>
j[kf;ltybt> jcdtotybt b cbuyfkmyst
kfvgjxrb yt drk/xf/ncz
Dbkrf yt dcnfdktyf d hjptnre.
Ghtlj[hfybntkm gthtujhtk.
Yf [jkjlbkmybr yt gjcnegftn gbnfybt !ghjdthmnt
hjptnre c gjvjom/ rfrjuj-kb,j byjuj 'ktrnhbxtcrjuj
ecnhjqcndf@.
{jkjlbkmybr ckbirjv ievbn
Cbcntvf j[kf;ltybz ytcrjkmrj ievbn ghb hf,jnt d
ghjwtcct wbhrekzwbb [kfljfutynf d cbcntvt
j[kf;ltybz. Ghb drk/xtybb b dsrk/xtybb
rjvghtccjhf cksibncz gjo=krbdfybt.
Tckb iev rf;tncz ckbirjv cbkmysv%
jcnjhj;yj jnjuybnt nhe,s rjvghtccjhf pf
[jkjlbkmybrjv> nfr xnj,s jyb yt rfcfkbcm lheu
lheuf&
djpvj;yj jndfkbdibtcz ghjrkflrb vt;le nhe,fvb
b pflytq gfytkm/ [jkjlbkmybrf cktletn ecnfyjdbnm
yf vtcnj.
Cj,k/lfqnt erfpfybz> ghbdtl=yyst d hfpltkt
VJYNF:.
J,hsd d gjlfxt gbnfybz
Yt jnrhsdfqnt ldthtq [jkjlbkmybrf ,tp
ytj,[jlbvjcnb. D ckexft ghjljk;bntkmyjuj j,hsdf
d gjlfxt gbnfybz ghjlerns cktletn gj djpvj;yjcnb
gthtkj;bnm d hf,jnf/obq [jkjlbkmybr.
Tckb gjckt j,hsdf d gjlfxt gbnfybz ghjlerns gj-
ght;ytve nd=hlst> b[ vj;yj cyjdf pfvjhjpbnm.
Tckb ghjlerns hfpvjhjpbkbcm> yj dsukzlzn b gf[yen
rfr cdt;bt> b[ cktletn ytvtlktyyj ghbujnjdbnm b
kb,j egjnht,bnm d gboe> kb,j pfvjhjpbnm d
ghbujnjdktyyjv dblt.
Tckb ytbcghfdyjcnm yt elf=ncz ecnhfybnm
dsiterfpfyysv j,hfpjv> j,hfnbntcm d
egjkyjvjxtyye/ yf nt[j,cke;bdfybt b htvjyn
abhve.
12
NT{YBXTCRBT LFYYST
VjltkmER 9002 B
+vrjcnm ytnnj%
[jkjlbkmybr292 k
vjhjpbkmybr82 k
Ibhbyf595 vv
Dscjnf2000 vv
Uke,byf600 vv
Gjnht,ktybt 'ythubb475 rDn d ujl
"ythutnbxtcrbq rkfccD
Yjvbyfkmyfz vjoyjcnm160 Dn
Dtc90 ru
Vjoyjcnm pfvjhf;bdfybz12 ru d cenrb
Rjkbxtcndj rjvghtccjhjd2
VJYNF:
Hfcgfrjdrf
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj [jkjlbkmybr yt gjdhtlbkcz
d ghjwtcct nhfycgjhnbhjdrb. J djpvj;ys[
gjdht;ltybz[ cktletn ytvtlktyyj cjj,obnm
ghjlfdwe. Egfrjdjxyst vfnthbfks cktletn clfnm d
geyrn enbkbpfwbb dnjhbxyjuj cshmz. Byajhvfwb/
j, 'njv vj;yj gjkexbnm e cjjndtncnde/ob[
bycnfywbq bkb e ghjlfdwf [jkjlbkmybrf.
Yt lfdfqnt ltnzv buhfnm c egfrjdjxysvb
vfnthbfkfvb. Gjkb'nbktyjdfz gk=yrf
vj;tn jrfpfnmcz jgfcyjq lkz ;bpyb.
Nhfycgjhnbhjdjxyst jgjhs
Rktqre/ ktyne b nhfycgjhnbhjdjxyst jgjhs cktletn
elfkbnm%
¤ c njhwjd ldthtq
¤ c dyenhtyytq cnjhjys gtntkm
¤ c gjkjr
Lkz njuj xnj,s elfkbnm nhfycgjhnbhjdjxyst jgjhs
cntrkzyyjq gjkrb> cyfxfkf gjnzybnt
nhfycgjhnbhjdjxyst jgjhs dgth=l> f pfntv jgjhs
dvtcnt c gjkrjq nfr;t dgth=l lj nt[ gjh> gjrf gjkrf
yt jcnfyjdbncz. Djpmvbntcm pf pflybq rhfq gjkrb
gjnzybnt gjkre dvtcnt c jgjhfvb dgth=l nfr> xnj,s
gjkre vj;yj ,skj yfrkjybnm b cyznm jgjhs.
Gjl [jkjlbkmybrfvb ytrjnjhs[ vjltktq bvttncz
pderjbpjkzwbjyyfz gjleirf> rjnjhe/ elfkznm yt
cktletn.
13
Xbcnrf gthtl yfxfkjv 'rcgkefnfwbb
Gthtl yfxfkjv 'rcgkefnfwbb [jkjlbkmybr cktletn
dsvsnm bpyenhb vzurjq nhzgrjq> cvjxtyyjq d n=gkjq
djlt c lj,fdktybtv chtlcndf lkz hexyjuj vsnmz
gjcels.
Ecnfyjdrf
Lkz njuj xnj,s [jkjlbkmybr aeyrwbjybhjdfk
yflkt;fobv j,hfpjv> eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj%
¤ [jkjlbkmybr ecnfyjdkty d ce[jv ghj[kflyjv
vtcnt ,tp gjgflfybz yf ytuj ghzvjuj cjkytxyjuj
cdtnf&
¤ [jkjlbkmybr ecnfyjdkty dlfkb jn bcnjxybrjd
ntgkf> nfrb[ rfr gkbnf bkb gjceljvjtxyfz
vfibyf&
¤ ntvgthfnehf d gjvtotybb yf[jlbncz d ghtltkf[
jn }16·C lj }32·C&
¤ [jkjlbkmybr ecnfyjdkty ghzvj b cnjbn yf dct[
xtnsh=[ yj;rf[. {jkjlbkmybr yt ljk;ty ,snm
ghbckjy=y r cntyt. Dscjnf yj;tr vj;tn ,snm ghb
ytj,[jlbvjcnb jnhtuekbhjdfyf c gjvjom/
ghbkfuftvjuj r [jkjlbkmybre htuekbhjdjxyjuj
rk/xf&
¤ djple[ cdj,jlyj wbhrekbhetn djrheu
[jkjlbkmybrf&
¤ dtynbkzwbjyyst rfyfks pf b gjl [jkjlbkmybrjv
ybxtv yt pfrhsns. Yfl [jkjlbkmybrjv ljk;yj
,snm yt vtytt 200 cv
2
cdj,jlyjuj ghjcnhfycndf
kb,j f@ ghzvj yfl [jkjlbkmybrjv> kb,j b@ pf
[jkjlbkmybrjv b yfl ybv> d 'njv ckexft
hfccnjzybt jn pflytq gfytkb [jkjlbkmybrf lj
cntys ljk;yj ,snm yt vtytt 50 vv.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ikfyu nfkjq djls dtl=n
d bcgfhbntkmysq gjlljy pf [jkjlbkmybrjv.
Tckb [jkjlbkmybr cnjbn d euke gtnkzvb r cntyt>
vt;le cntyjq b [jkjlbkmybrjv ljk;yj ,snm yt
vtytt 10 vv cdj,jlyjuj ghjcnhfycndf> lkz njuj
xnj,s ldthm jnrhsdfkfcm ljcnfnjxyj ibhjrj lkz
dsldb;tybz gjkjr.
50m
a)
b)
14
Gjlrk/xtybt gbnfybz
{jkjlbkmybr cktletn gjlrk/xbnm r pfptvk=yyjq
hjptnrt.
Yfghz;tybt% 230 D.
Ghtlj[hfybntkm% 10 F.
Ytj,[jlbvst lfyyst ghbdtltys yf nf,kbxrt c
nt[ybxtcrbvb lfyysvb [jkjlbkmybrf> rjnjhfz
hfcgjkj;tyf dyenhb ytuj c ktdjq cnjhjys.
Bpvtytybt cnjhjys jnrhsdfybz ldthb
1. Pfrhjqnt [jkjlbkmybr b dsymnt dbkre bp
hjptnrb.
2. Cybvbnt dtynbkzwbjyye/ hti=nre. Yf hti=nrt
bvttncz c(=vyfz ltnfkm> rjnjhe/ cktletn
cyznm b ecnfyjdbnm yf ghjnbdjgjkj;yjq cnjhjyt.
3. Lkz njuj xnj,s gjkj;bnm [jkjlbkmybryf ,jr>
gjl ytuj htrjvtyletncz gjlkj;bnm rfre/-
yb,elm vzure/ gjlrkflre> lkz njuj xnj,s pf
ytuj ,skj pfntv ktuxt dpznmcz ghb gjlyznbb
tuj j,hfnyj d dthnbrfkmyjt gjkj;tybt.
4. Jndthybnt dbyns yb;ytq gtnkb b cybvbnt
yb;y// ldthm. Dsdthybnt cnth;tym dth[ytq
gtnkb b cybvbnt dth[y// ldthm.
5. Ghjvt;enjxyfz ,fkrf% dsymnt gkfcnvfccjdst
pfukeirb c gjvjom/ ljhyf. Gthtcnfdmnt chtl-
y// gtnk/ yf ghjnbdjgjkj;ye/ cnjhjye.
Dshjdyzqnt dsitlitt bp jndthcnbq gtnkb
djkjryj b dcnfdmnt d jndthcnbz yjdst pfukeirb.
6. Gthtdthybnt j,jheljdfybt ldthb d
ghjnbdjgjkj;yjt gjkj;tybt. Dcnfdmnt yjde/
pfukeire d jndthcnbt yb;ytq ldthb.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7. Ecnfdyjdbnt dth[y// ldthm yf vtcnj b pfrhtgbnt
cnth;tym dth[ytq gtnkb. Ecnfyjdbnt yb;y//
ldthm yf vtcnj. Ecnfyjdbnt cnth;tym yb;ytq
gtnkb d ghjnbdjgjkj;yjt gjkj;tybt. Ecnfyjdbnt
yb;y// gtnk/ yf vtcnj. Djpvj;ysq pfpjh
cktletn elfkbnm gjchtlcndjv htuekbhjdfybz
dscjns yb;ytq gtnkb ghbkfuftvsv r
[jkjlbkmybre htuekbhjdjxysv rk/xjv.
Pfabrcbheqnt gjkj;tybt ldthb rjynhzotq
ufqrjq. Gthtcnfdmnt pfobnye/ gkfcnbye
dtynbkzwbjyyjq hti=nrb b ecnfyjdbnt hti=nre
j,hfnyj yf vtcnj.
8. Ecnfyjdbnt dtynbkzwbjyye/ hti=nre j,hfnyj
yf vtcnj. Gthtcnfdmnt ldthye/ hexre yf
ghjnbdjgjkj;ye/ cnjhjye. Dsymnt
gkfcnvfccjdst pfukeirb dbynjd> bcgjkmpez
lkz 'njuj ghb ytj,[jlbvjcnb gkjcre/ jnd=hnre>
b cybvbnt hexre. Jcnjhj;yj dlfdbnt
gkfcnvfccjdst pfukeirb yf ghjnbdjgjkj;yjq
cnjhjyt djdyenhm c gjvjom/ ljhyf. Dcnfdmnt
hexre d j,hfpjdfdibtcz jndthcnbz. Tckb
pfdbyxbdfybt jceotcndkztncz herfvb> gjdthybnt
dbyns yf gfhe j,jhjnjd gthtl rhtgktybtv
hexrb. Dcnfdmnt ghbkfuftvst gkfcnvfccjdst
pfukeirb d gecnst jndthcnbz lkz hexrb yf
ghjnbdjgjkj;yjq cnjhjyt.
9. Ecnfyjdbnt [jkjlbkmybr j,hfnyj d dthnbrfkmyjt
gjkj;tybt. Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj jy
dshjdyty gj ujhbpjynfkb. Cv. erfpfybz>
ghbdtl=yyst d hfpltkt Ecnfyjdrf.
NT{J<CKE:BDFYBT B
PFGFCYST XFCNB
Pf nt[j,cke;bdfybtv b pfgxfcnzvb
j,hfofqntcm d egjkyjvjxtyye/ yf
nt[j,cke;bdfybt abhve.
Df;ytqibt pfgfcyst xfcnb r lfyyjq ,snjdjq
vfibyt vjuen ,snm ghbj,htntys d ntxtybt
10 ktn gjckt njuj> rfr jyf cyznf c
ghjbpdjlcndf.
UFHFYNBZ
Ufhfynbqyst eckjdbz ghbdtltys d jnltkmyjq
nf,kbwt.
Ddble ytghthsdyjuj hfpdbnbz yfitq ghjlerwbb
jcnfdkztv pf cj,jq ghfdj yf dytctybt
bpvtytybq.
Cjukfcyj Pfrjye «J pfobnt ghfd
gjnht,bntktq»> ghb yfheitybb ecnfyjdktyys[
ghfdbk bcgjkmpjdfybz dhtl> ghbxby=yysq
dcktlcndbt nfrb[ yfheitybq> yt djpvtoftncz
b nht,jdfybz gj ytljcnfnrfv> djpybribv d
htpekmnfnt nfrb[ yfheitybq> yt
eljdktndjhz/ncz.
Tckb Ds j,hfoftntcm d cthdbcysq wtynh gj
gjdjle jlyjq bp nfrb[ ytbcghfdyjcntq bkb d
htpekmnfnt ytcj,k/ltybz ghfdbk
'rcgkefnfwbb> nj> lf;t d gthbjl ltqcndbz
ufhfynbb> Dfv> djpvj;yj> ghbl=ncz jgkfnbnm
dspjd cgtwbfkbcnf.
15
7
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