1
{JKJLBKMYBR
ER 8817 CX
818 1507-01/6
BYCNHERWBZ GJ "RCGKEFNFWBB
RUS
2
ERFPFYBZ GJ <TPJGFCYJCNB "RCGKEFNFWBB
Dfi yjdsq [jkjlbkmybr vj;tn j,kflfnm aeyrwbzvb>
rjnjhs[ yt ,skj d Dfitv ghtlsleotv [jkjlbkmybrt.
Gj'njve c yfcnjzotq bycnherwbtq cktletn nofntkmyj
jpyfrjvbnmcz. Bycnherwb/ cktletn cj[hfybnm> lkz
njuj xnj,s t/ vj;yj ,skj djcgjkmpjdfnmcz gjp;t
bkb gthtlfnm t= djpvj;yjve yjdjve dkfltkmwe
[jkjlbkmybrf.
"RCGKEFNFWBZ
¤ Lfyysq [jkjlbkmybr ghtlyfpyfxty lkz [hfytybz
ghjlernjd gbnfybz d j,sxys[ ,snjds[ eckjdbz[
d cjjndtncndbb c yfcnjzotq bycnherwbtq.
¤ Rfr d [jkjlbkmybrt> nfr b d vjhjpbkmyjv
jnltktybb yt cktletn [hfybnm dphsdjjgfcys[
ufpjd bkb ;blrjcntq> nfr rfr 'nj vj;tn ghbdtcnb
r nhfdvfv b gjdht;ltybzv bveotcndf.
¤ R hfcgjkj;tyysv dyenhb b d pflytq xfcnb
[jkjlbkmybrf ltnfkzv cbcntvs j[kf;ltybz ytkmpz
ghbrfcfnmcz jcnhsvb ghtlvtnfvb. D ckexft
djpybryjdtybz ghj,jbys d cbcntvt j[kf;ltybz
[jkjlbkmybr gjdhtlbncz b [hfyzobtcz d y=v
ghjlerns ghblen d ytujlyjcnm.
¤ D vjhjpbkmyjv jnltktybb yt cktletn [hfybnm
ufpbhjdfyys[ yfgbnrjd bkb ,enskjr c ;blrjcnm/
> nfr rfr ,enskrb vjuen nhtcyenm.
¤ {jkjlbkmybr nz;=ksq> tuj rhfz bkb dscnegf/obt
xfcnb vjuen jrfpfnmcz jcnhsvb. Ghb gthtvtotybb
[jkjlbkmybrf cktletn cj,k/lfnm jcnjhj;yjcnm
b gjkmpjdfnmcz pfobnysvb gthxfnrfvb.
LTNB
¤ Gjpf,jnmntcm j njv> xnj,s ltnb yt buhfkb c
htuekznjhfvb b dyenhtyybvb ltnfkzvb
[jkjlbkmybrf.
XNJ LTKFNM CJ CNFHSV {JKJLBKMYBRJV
Dsymnt dbkre bp hjptnrb b j,ht;mnt rf,tkm gbnfybz
rfr vj;yj ,kb;t r pflytq gfytkb [jkjlbkmybrf.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj dct pfvrb b pfo=krb cyzns
c [jkjlbkmybrf dj bp,t;fybt ytcxfcnys[ ckexftd
c vfktymrbvb ltnmvb. Kexit dctuj cyznm ldthm
gjkyjcnm/.
Gjcnfhfqntcm yt gjdhtlbnm cbcntve j[kf;ltybz
[jkjlbkmybrf. Bpjkzwbz b cbcntvf j[kf;ltybz
vjuen cjlth;fnm d ct,t dhtlyst lkz jpjyyjq
j,jkjxrb vfnthbfks. Gj 'njq ;t ghbxbyt [jkjlbkmybr
cktletn clfnm yf cjjndtncnde/obq geyrn enbkbpfwbb.
DYBVFYBT% d Dfitv yjdjv [jkjlbkmybrt dhtlyst
lkz jpjyyjq j,jkjxrb vfnthbfks jncencnde/n. D
bycnherwbb bvttncz ,jktt gjlhj,yfz byajhvfwbz.
Byajhvfwbz> rfcf/ofzcz clfxb cnfhjuj [jkjlbkmybrf
d geyrn enbkbpfwbb> vj;tn ,snm gjkextyf d
cjjndtncnde/ob[ bycnfywbz[> jndtxf/ob[ pf
j,hf,jnre jn[jljd.
CJLTH:FYBT
ERFPFYBZ GJ <TPJGFCYJCNB
"RCGKEFNFWBB 2
Xnj ltkfnm cj cnfhsv [jkjlbkmybrjv 2
CJLTH:FYBT 2
JGBCFYBT {JKJLBKMYBRF 3
Rjynhjkmyfz gfytkm 3
GTHTL YFXFKJV "RCGKEFNFWBB 3
"RCGKEFNFWBZ {JKJLBKMYBRF 4
Drk/xtybt gbnfybz b htuekbhjdfybt
ntvgthfnehs 4
Jnrk/xtybt gbnfybz 4
Ntvgthfnehf dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf 4
Bpvthtybt ntvgthfnehs 4
Dyenhtyytt ghjcnhfycndj [jkjlbkmybrf 4
GHFRNBXTCRBT CJDTNS 5
Cjdtns gj 'rjyjvbb 'ythubb 5
"rjkjubz 5
J[hfyf jrhe;f/otq chtls 5
E{JL 6
Cyznbt dtynbkzwbjyyjq hti=nrb 6
Xbcnrf
Pfvtyf kfvgjxrb dyenhtyytuj jcdtotybz 6
Hfpvjhf;bdfybt [jkjlbkmybrf 7
Tckb [jkjlbkmybr yt bcgjkmpetncz 7
D CKEXFT DJPYBRYJDTYBZ
YTBCGHFDYJCNB 7
Ufhfynbz 11
Nt[j,cke;bdfybt b pfgxfcnb 11
NT{YBXTCRBT LFYYST 8
VJYNF: 9
Hfcgfrjdrf 9
Nhfycgjhnbhjdjxyst jgjhs 9
Xbcnrf gthtl yfxfkjv 'rcgkefnfwbb 9
Ecnfyjdrf 9
Gjlrk/xtybt gbnfybz 10
Bpvtytybt cnjhjys jnrhsdfybz ldthb 10
3
JGBCFYBT {JKJLBKMYBRF
GTHTL YFXFKJV "RCGKEFNFWBB
Ecnfyjdbnt [jkjlbkmybr yf vtcnj b dsgjkybnt
xbcnre jgbcfyysv d hfpltkt VJYNF: j,hfpjv.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj hfcgjkj;tyysq pf
[jkjlbkmybrjv ikfyu nfkjq djls dtl=n d
bcgfhbntkmysq gjlljy.
Gthtl ntv rfr dcnfdbnm dbkre d hjptnre b drk/xbnm
[jkjlbkmybr d gthdsq hfp> tve cktletn lfnm
jncnjznmcz d ntxtybt ghb,kbpbntkmyj 30 vbyen bkb
;t d ntxtybt 4 xfcjd d ckexft nhfycgjhnbhjdrb
[jkjlbkmybrf yf ,jre> lkz njuj xnj,s ;blrjcnm
cbcntvs j[kf;ltybz ecgtkf c,fkfycbhjdfnmcz. D
ghjnbdyjv ckexft rjvghtccjh [jkjlbkmybrf vj;tn
gjdhtlbnmcz.
RJYNHJKMYFZ GFYTKM
cntrkzyyfz gjkrf
gjkrf lkz ,enskjr
cntrkzyyfz gjkrf
gjldtcyjq zobr
cntrkzyyfz gjkrf
hfpltkbntkmyfz gjkrf
[jkjlbkmybrf b ghj[kflyjuj
jnltktybz
zobr lkz jdjotq
cntrkzyyfz gjkrf
cntrkzyyfz gjkrf
dtynbkzwbjyyfz hti=nrf
zobr lkz jdjotq
cntrkzyyfz gjkrf
jnltktybt lkz vfckf }
pfrhsdf/ottcz jnltktybt
jnltktybt d ldthb }
jnltktybt lkz [hfytybz zbw
jnltktybt d ldthb
yb;yzz gjkrf
jnltktybt d ldthb
jnltktybt lkz vfckf
gjldtcyfz gjkrf lkz ,enskjr
D Htuekznjh ntvgthfnehs
Bcgjkmpetncz lkz drk/xtybz [jkjlbkmybrf b
dscnfdktybz ;tkftvjq ntvgthfnehs.
F Ptk=yfz cbuyfkmyfz kfvgjxrf
Ujhbn dctulf ghb drk/x=yyjv [jkjlbkmybrt.
4
"RCGKEFNFWBZ {JKJLBKMYBRF
DRK?XTYBT GBNFYBZ B HTUEKBHJDFYBT
NTVGTHFNEHS
Ecnfyjdbnt htuekznjh d ;tkftvjt gjkj;tybt.
Min: vbybvfkmyjt pyfxtybt htuekznjhf ntvgthfnehs
j,tcgtxbdftn cfve/ dscjre/ ntvgthfnehe dyenhb
[jkjlbkmybrf.
Max: vfrcbvfkmyjt pyfxtybt htuekznjhf ntvgthfnehs
j,tcgtxbdftn cfve/ ybpre/ ntvgthfnehe dyenhb
[jkjlbkmybrf.
¤ % dsrk/xtyyjt gjkj;tybt.
Gjckt bpvtytybz gjkj;tybz htuekznjhf lfqnt
[jkjlbkmybre gjhf,jnfnm d ntxtybt 24 xfcjd> lkz
njuj xnj,s ntvgthfnehf dyenhb ytuj ecgtkf
c,fkfycbhjdfnmcz.
JNRK?XTYBT GBNFYBZ
Gjdthybnt htuekznjh ghjnbd xfcjdjq cnhtkrb lj
otkxrf pf gjkj;tybt ¤ .
NTVGTHFNEHF DYENHB {JKJLBKMYBRF
Gjl[jlzotq ntvgthfnehjq dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf
zdkztncz }5·C. <jktt ybprfz ntvgthfnehf vj;tn
ghbdtcnb r pfvthpfyb/ ghjlernjd c dscjrbv
cjlth;fybtv ;blrjcnb d ckexft b[ gjvtotybz d
cfvst [jkjlyst vtcnf dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf. Cfvst
[jkjlyst b cfvst n=gkst vtcnf d [jkjlbkmybrt
bpj,hf;tys yf hbceyrt. Vzcyst> hs,yst b vjkjxyst
ghjlerns cktletn gjvtofnm d cfvst [jkjlyst
vtcnf !-@.
BPVTHTYBT NTVGTHFNEHS
D ckexft bpvthtybz ntvgthfnehs dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf
j,sxysv nthvjvtnhjv tuj cktletn gjcnfdbnm d
cnfrfy djls d wtynht [jkjlbkmybrf. D 'njv ckexft
gjrfpsdftvfz bv ntvgthfnehf yfb,jktt cjjndtncndetn
ntvgthfneht [hfybvs[ d [jkjlbkmybrt ghjlernjd.
Nthvjvtnh yt cktletn gjldtibdfnm bkb rkfcnm yf
gjkre.
Gjktpyst cjdtns%
¤ Ghjlerns ljk;ys ,snm hfpkj;tys d [jkjlbkmybrt
jnltkmyj lheu jn lheuf nfrbv j,hfpjv> xnj,s
djple[ vju cdj,jlyj wbhrekbhjdfnm vt;le
ybvb.
¤ Ghjlerns yt ljk;ys rfcfnmcz gfytkb j[kf;ltybz
d pflytq cntyrt [jkjlbkmybrf> nfr rfr jyb vjuen
ghb 'njv pfv=hpyenm.
¤ Yb d rjtv ckexft yt gjvtofqnt d [jkjlbkmybr
n=gks[ ghjlernjd. Ghjlerns ljk;ys cyfxfkf
jcnsnm lj rjvyfnyjq ntvgthfnehs.
¤ Dct ghjlerns ljk;ys ,snm yflkt;fobv j,hfpjv
egfrjdfys dj bp,t;fybt gthtlfxb drecjd b
pfgf[jd.
DYENHTYYTT GHJCNHFYCNDJ {JKJLBKMYBRF
Zobr lkz jdjotq hfpltk=y yf jnltktybz> lkz njuj
xnj,s hfpkbxyst jdjob vjukb [hfybnmcz jnltkmyj
lheu jn lheuf.
+
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+
-
-
-
-
5
¤ Eljcnjdthmntcm d wtkjcnyjcnb b xbcnjnt
egkjnybntkmyjq ghjrkflrb ldthb.
"RJKJUBZ
¤ Bpjkzwbz b [kfljfutyn [jkjlbkmybrf yt cjlth;fn
dhtlys[ lkz jpjyyjq j,jkjxrb vfnthbfkjd.
¤ Dct egfrjdjxyst vfnthbfks [jkjlbkmybrf
gjlkt;fn gjdnjhyjve bcgjkmpjdfyb/.
¤ Rjycnherwbz [jkjlbkmybrf nfrjdf> xnj jy kturj
ltvjynbhetncz lkz enbkbpfwbb.
J{HFYF JRHE:F?OTQ CHTLS
¤ Rfr egfrjdjxyst vfnthbfks> nfr b cnfhst
[jkjlbkmybrb b vjhjpbkmybrb cktletn ljcnfdkznm
yf geyrn enbkbpfwbb dnjhbxyjuj cshmz.
Ljgjkybntkmye/ byajhvfwb/ vj;yj gjkexbnm e
jndtxf/ob[ pf j,hf,jnre jn[jljd bycnfywbq bkb
e ghjlfdwf [jkjlbkmybrf.
¤ Ghjlerns cktletn [hfybnm d ,fyrf[ b egfrjdrf[>
rjnjhst vj;yj bcgjkmpjdfnm ytjlyjrhfnyj.
¤ Lkz xbcnrb [jkjlbkmybrf cktletn bcgjkmpjdfnm
vzurbt vj/obt chtlcndf.
¤ Cj,k/lfqnt cjdtns gj 'rjyjvbb 'ythubb.
Gjkrb b ldthyst jnltktybz kturj cybvf/ncz> b[
vj;yj vtyznm vtcnfvb. Ytrjnjhst gjkrb cktletn
cyfxfkf ghbgjlyznm c pflytq xfcnb> lkz njuj xnj,s
b[ vj;yj ,skj dsnzyenm yf ct,z.
Yb;ytt ldthyjt jnltktybt> f nfr;t cntrkzyye/
gkfcnbye yfl jnltktybtv lkz [hfytybz jdjotq yt
cktletn gthtcnfdkznm> nfr rfr jyb j,tcgtxbdftn
ghfdbkmye/ wbhrekzwb/ djple[f dyenhb
[jkjlbkmybrf. Gjkrb c gjlyznsv rhftv cktletn
ecnfyfdkbdfnm gjlyznsv rhftv r pflytq cntyrt
[jkjlbkmybrf> lkz njuj xnj,s [hfybvst ghjlerns
yt rfcfkbcm gfytkb j[kf;ltybz.
GJLDTCYFZ GJKRF LKZ <ENSKJR
Gjkrf lkz ,enskjr gthtvtoftncz bp cnjhjys d
cnjhjye. Jyf vj;tn ,snm hfcgjkj;tyf gjl k/,jq
gjkrjq> rhjvt cfvjq yb;ytq.
GHFRNBXTCRBT CJDTNS
CJDTNS GJ "RJYJVBB "YTHUBB
¤ Vtcnj hfcgjkj;tybz [jkjlbkmybrf cktletn
nofntkmyj ds,hfnm cjukfcyj erfpfybzv>
ghbdtl=yysv d hfpltkt VJYNF:. Ghfdbkmyj
ecnfyjdktyysq [jkjlbkmybr gjnht,kztn vtymit
'ythubb.
¤ Yt jnrhsdfqnt ldthtq [jkjlbkmybrf ,tp
ytj,[jlbvjcnb b yt lth;bnt b[ ckbirjv ljkuj
d jnrhsnjv gjkj;tybb.
¤ Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ldthb [jkjlbkmybrf
gkjnyj pfrhsns.
¤ Pfvjhj;tyyst ghjlerns cktletn hfpvjhf;bdfnm
d [jkjlbkmybrt> nfr rfr b[ [jkjl cyb;ftn
gjnht,ktybt 'ythubb [jkjlbkmybrf.
¤ Hfcgjkj;tyyst pf [jkjlbkmybrjv rjvghtccjh b
cbcntve j[kf;ltybz cktletn xbcnbnm gsktcjcjv
ghb,kbpbntkmyj hfp d ujl.
¤ Gthtl ntv rfr gjvtcnbnm ghjlerns d vjhjpbkmybr>
j[kflbnt b[ d [jkjlbkmybrt.
¤ Dj bp,t;fybt j,hfpjdfybz bpkbiytuj rjkbxtcndf
ktlzyjuj rjyltycfnf ghjlerns cktletn nofntkmyj
egfrjdsdfnm.
6
E{JL
CYZNBT DTYNBKZWBJYYJQ HTI+NRB
Dtynbkzwbjyye/ hti=nre vj;yj cyznm> yfghbvth>
lkz j,ktxtybz xbcnrb [jkjlbkmybrf.
Ghb cyznbb dtynbkzwbjyyjq hti=nrb ldthm
[jkjlbkmybrf ljk;yf ,snm jnrhsnf. Jnltkbnt
dth[ybq rhfq hti=nrb jn [jkjlbkmybrf> gjnzyed t=
lkz 'njuj jlyjdhtvtyyj yf ct,z b dybp. Gjckt 'njuj
gjnzybnt hti=nre ghzvj yf ct,z.
XBCNRF
{jkjlbkmybr cktletn htuekzhyj xbcnbnm.
Rfyfk lkz cnjrf nfkjq djls dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf
cktletn gthbjlbxtcrb ghjxbofnm. D ckexft pfcjhtybz
rfyfk cktletn ghjqnb ytjcnhsv gkfcnvfccjdsv
ghtlvtnjv. Gthtl dsgjkytybtv xbcnrb [jkjlbkmybrf
tuj cktletn dsrk/xbnm b dsyenm dbkre bp hjptnrb
bkb ;t dsdthyenm ghtlj[hfybntkm. Dsybvf/obtcz
ltnfkb cktletn dsyenm b dsvsnm dhexye/. Dyenhtyybt
b yfhe;yst gjdth[yjcnb> f nfr;t egkjnybntkmye/
ghjrkflre ldthb [jkjlbkmybrf cktletn nofntkmyj
ghjnthtnm vzurjq nhzgrjq> cvjxtyyjq n=gkjq djljq
c lj,fdktybtv chtlcndf lkz hexyjuj vsnmz gjcels.
Yt pfrhsdfqnt ldthb lj nt[ gjh> gjrf dyenhtyybt
gjdth[yjcnb [jkjlbkmybr yt dscj[yen gjkyjcnm/.
Cybvbnt dtynbkzwbjyye/ hti=nre !cv. dsit@ b
dsxbcnbnt ghjcnhfycndj gjl [jkjlbkmybrjv c
gjvjom/ gsktcjcf. Jnjldbymnt [jkjlbkmybr jn
cntys b ghjgsktcjcmnt ghjcnhfycndj pf ybv> f nfr;t
j[kflbntkmye/ cbcntve b rjvghtccjh.
Lkz njuj xnj,s [jkjlbkmybr yt wfhfgfk
gjk> ghb gthtvtotybb tuj cktletn gjlybvfnm
pf gthtlybq rhfq.
PFVTYF KFVGJXRB DYENHTYYTUJ
JCDTOTYBZ
Kfvgjxrf dyenhtyytuj jcdtotybz [jkjlbkmybrf
drk/xftncz fdnjvfnbxtcrb ghb jnrhsdfybb ldthb.
Gthtl dsgjkytybtv pfvtys kfvgjxrb dbkre cktletn
dsyenm bp hjptnrb.
Yt rfcfqntcm cntrkf kfvgjxrb gfkmwfvb. Ufkjutyyst
kfvgs dtcmvf xedcndbntkmys r bvt/otvecz yf
gfkmwf[ ;bhe. J,ht;mnt egfrjdre kfvgjxrb nfrbv
j,hfpjv> xnj,s jnrhsnsv jrfpfkcz t= wjrjkm.
Ecnfyjdbnt kfvgjxre yf vtcnj> lth;f t= ghb 'njv
pf egfrjdre. Bcgjkmpeqnt zhre/ ufkjutyye/ kfvgjxre
ybprjuj lfdktybz> wjrjkm G4> yfghz;tybt 12 D> c
ekmnhfabjktnjdsv ,kjrbhjdfybtv> yjvbyfkmyfz
vjoyjcnm 20 Dn.
7
HFPVJHF:BDFYBT {JKJLBKMYBRF
Hfpvjhf;bdfybt [jkjlbkmybrf ghjbc[jlbn
fdnjvfnbxtcrb rf;lsq hfp> rjulf rjvghtccjh dsr-
k/xftncz. Lkz njuj xnj,s ghtljndhfnbnm j,hfpjdfybt
bpkbiytuj rjkbxtcndf ktlzyjuj rjyltycfnf%
¤ gjvtofqnt d [jkjlbkmybr njkmrj jcnsdibt
ghjlerns&
¤ yt jnrhsdfqnt ldthb ,tp ytj,[jlbvjcnb b yt
lth;bnt t= ckbirjv ljkuj d jnrsnjv gjkj;tybb&
¤ yt rkflbnt ghjlernjd dgkjnye/ r pflytq cntyrt
dyenhtyytuj ghjcnhfycndf [jkjlbkmybrf.
RJULF {JKJLBKMYBR YT BCGJKMPETNCZ
Dsrk/xbnt [jkjlbkmybr b dsymnt dbkre bp hjptnrb
bkb ;t dsdthybnt ghtlj[hfybntkm. Xbcnrf
[jkjlbkmybrf dsgjkyztncz nfr> rfr jgbcfyj d
cjjndtncnde/otv hfpltkt. Dj bp,t;fybt j,hfpjdfybz
ytghbznyjuj pfgf[f ldthm [jkjlbkmybrf cktletn
jcnfdbnm d ghbjnrhsnjv gjkj;tybb.
D CKEXFT DJPYBRYJDTYBZ YTBCGHFDYJCNB
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj yf[jlzobqcz pf
[jkjlbkmybrjv ikfyu lkz cnjrf nfkjq djls dtl=n
d bcgfhbntkmysq gjlljy. Cv. hfpltk Gthtl yfxfkjv
'rcgkefnfwbb.
Ghjxbcnbnt rfyfk b jndthcnbt lkz cnjrf nfkjq djls
b eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj gjvto=yyst d
[jkjlbkmybr ghjlerns yt ghtgzncnde/n cnjre djls
d rfyfk.
D [jkjlbkmybr ntx=n djlf
"nj zdkztncz yjhvfkmysv zdktybtv. D ghjwtcct
fdnjvfnbxtcrjuj hfpvjhf;bdfybz j,hfpe/obqcz yf
gjdth[yjcnb j[kflbntkmyjq gfytkb rjyltycfn nftn.
Gj j[kflbnkmyjq gfytkb dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf
ntx=n djlf
Ecnfyjdbnt ,jktt dscjre/ ntvgthfnehe.
Jdjob b kturj pfvthpf/obt ghjlerns vjukb
jrfpfnmcz gjvtotys yf ckbirjv [jkjlye/ gjkre.
Cv. hfpltk Ntvgthfnehf dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf.
D [jkjlbkmybrt ckbirjv [jkjlyj
Ecnfyjdbnt ,jktt ybpre/ ntvgthfnehe.
Hfcgjkj;bnt ghjlerns dyenhb [jkjlbkmybrf
yflkt;fobv j,hfpjv - cv. cjjndtncnde/obq hfpltk.
Hfcgjkj;bnt ghjlerns nfrbv j,hfpjv> xnj,s djple[
vju cdj,jlyj wbhrekbhjdfnm vt;le ybvb.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ldthm gkjnyj pfrhsnf> f
nfr;t d wtkjcnyjcnb b xbcnjnt t= egkjnybntkmyjq
ghjrkflrb.
Djpvj;yj> xnj jrhe;f/ofz [jkjlbkmybr ntvgthfnehf
dsit j,sxyjq rjvyfnyjq.
D [jkjlbkmybrt ckbirjv ntgkj
Djlf ntx=n yf gjk
Ghbxbyf ytbcghfdyjcnb vj;tn jrfpfnmcz yfcnjkmrj ghjcnjq> xnj t= vj;yj ecnhfybnm cfvjcnjzntkmyj. Gthtl
ntv rfr j,hfnbnmcz d egjkyjvjxtyye/ yf nt[j,cke;bdfybt b htvjyn abhve> dybvfntkmyj ghjxbnfqnt
yb;tghbdtl=yyst erfpfybz.
Ghj,ktvf
Djpvj;yfz ghbxbyf b t= ecnhfytybt
8
{jkjlbkmybr djj,ot yt hf,jnftn>
j[kf;ltybt> jcdtotybt b cbuyfkmyst
kfvgjxrb yt drk/xf/ncz
Dbkrf yt dcnfdktyf d hjptnre.
Ghtlj[hfybntkm gthtujhtk.
Yf [jkjlbkmybr yt gjcnegftn gbnfybt !ghjdthmnt
hjptnre c gjvjom/ rfrjuj-kb,j byjuj 'ktrnhbxtcrjuj
ecnhjqcndf@.
{jkjlbkmybr ckbirjv ievbn
Cbcntvf j[kf;ltybz ytcrjkmrj ievbn ghb hf,jnt d
ghjwtcct wbhrekzwbb [kfljfutynf d cbcntvt
j[kf;ltybz. Ghb drk/xtybb b dsrk/xtybb
rjvghtccjhf cksibncz gjo=krbdfybt.
Tckb iev rf;tncz ckbirjv cbkmysv%
jcnjhj;yj jnjuybnt nhe,s rjvghtccjhf pf
[jkjlbkmybrjv> nfr xnj,s jyb yt rfcfkbcm lheu
lheuf&
djpvj;yj jndfkbdibtcz ghjrkflrb vt;le nhe,fvb
b pflytq gfytkm/ [jkjlbkmybrf cktletn ecnfyjdbnm
yf vtcnj.
Cj,k/lfqnt erfpfybz> ghbdtl=yyst d hfpltkt
VJYNF:.
NT{YBXTCRBT LFYYST
Vjltkm ER 8817 CX
+vrjcnm ytnnj 379 k
Ibhbyf 595 vv
Dscjnf 1800 vv
Uke,byf 600 vv
Gjnht,ktybt 'ythubb 248 rDn d ujl
"ythutnbxtcrbq rkfcc B
Yjvbyfkmyfz vjoyjcnm 110 Dn
Dtc 72 ru
Rjkbxtcndj rjvghtccjhjd 1
Ecnfyjdbnt ,jktt dscjre/ ntvgthfnehe.
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ldthm gkjnyj pfrhsnf> f
nfr;t d wtkjcnyjcnb b xbcnjnt t= egkjnybntkmyjq
ghjrkflrb.
Djpvj;yj> xnj jrhe;f/ofz [jkjlbkmybr ntvgthfnehf
dsit j,sxyjq rjvyfnyjq.
Rjvghtccjh ytghthsdyj hf,jnftn
9
VJYNF:
HFCGFRJDRF
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj [jkjlbkmybr yt gjdhtlbkcz
d ghjwtcct nhfycgjhnbhjdrb. J djpvj;ys[
gjdht;ltybz[ cktletn ytvtlktyyj cjj,obnm
ghjlfdwe. Egfrjdjxyst vfnthbfks cktletn clfnm d
geyrn enbkbpfwbb dnjhbxyjuj cshmz. Byajhvfwb/
j, 'njv vj;yj gjkexbnm e cjjndtncnde/ob[
bycnfywbq bkb e ghjlfdwf [jkjlbkmybrf.
50m
a)
b)
NHFYCGJHNBHJDJXYST JGJHS
Rktqre/ ktyne b nhfycgjhnbhjdjxyst jgjhs cktletn
elfkbnm%
¤ c njhwjd ldthtq
¤ c dyenhtyytq cnjhjys gtntkm
¤ c gjkjr
Lkz njuj xnj,s elfkbnm nhfycgjhnbhjdjxyst jgjhs
cntrkzyyjq gjkrb> cyfxfkf gjnzybnt
nhfycgjhnbhjdjxyst jgjhs dgth=l> f pfntv jgjhs
dvtcnt c gjkrjq nfr;t dgth=l lj nt[ gjh> gjrf gjkrf
yt jcnfyjdbncz. Djpmvbntcm pf pflybq rhfq gjkrb
gjnzybnt gjkre dvtcnt c jgjhfvb dgth=l nfr> xnj,s
gjkre vj;yj ,skj yfrkjybnm b cyznm jgjhs.
Gjl [jkjlbkmybrfvb ytrjnjhs[ vjltktq bvttncz
pderjbpjkzwbjyyfz gjleirf> rjnjhe/ elfkznm yt
cktletn.
XBCNRF GTHTL YFXFKJV "RCGKEFNFWBB
Gthtl yfxfkjv 'rcgkefnfwbb [jkjlbkmybr cktletn
dsvsnm bpyenhb vzurjq nhzgrjq> cvjxtyyjq d n=gkjq
djlt c lj,fdktybtv chtlcndf lkz hexyjuj vsnmz
gjcels.
ECNFYJDRF
Lkz njuj xnj,s [jkjlbkmybr aeyrwbjybhjdfk
yflkt;fobv j,hfpjv> eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj%
¤ [jkjlbkmybr ecnfyjdkty ghzvj b cnjbn yf dct[
xtnsh=[ yj;rf[. {jkjlbkmybr yt ljk;ty ,snm
ghbckjy=y r cntyt. Dscjnf yj;tr vj;tn ,snm ghb
ytj,[jlbvjcnb jnhtuekbhjdfyf c gjvjom/
ghbkfuftvjuj r [jkjlbkmybre htuekbhjdjxyjuj
rk/xf&
¤ djple[ cdj,jlyj wbhrekbhetn djrheu
[jkjlbkmybrf&
¤ dtynbkzwbjyyst rfyfks pf b gjl [jkjlbkmybrjv
ybxtv yt pfrhsns. Yfl [jkjlbkmybrjv ljk;yj
,snm yt vtytt 200 cv
2
cdj,jlyjuj ghjcnhfycndf
kb,j ghzvj yfl [jkjlbkmybrjv> kb,j pf
[jkjlbkmybrjv b yfl ybv> d 'njv ckexft
hfccnjzybt jn pflytq gfytkb [jkjlbkmybrf lj
cntys ljk;yj ,snm yt vtytt 50 vv.
Yt lfdfqnt ltnzv buhfnm c egfrjdjxysvb
vfnthbfkfvb. Gjkb'nbktyjdfz gk=yrf vj;tn
jrfpfnmcz jgfcyjq lkz ;bpyb.
10
1
2
3
5 a
4
5 b
a
b
6
c
Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj ikfyu lkz cnjrf nfkjq
djls pf [jkjlbkmybrjv dtl=n d bcgfhbntkmysq
gjlljy.
Tckb [jkjlbkmybr cnjbn d euke gtnkzvb r cntyt>
vt;le cntyjq b [jkjlbkmybrjv ljk;yj ,snm yt
vtytt 10 vv cdj,jlyjuj ghjcnhfycndf> lkz njuj
xnj,s ldthm jnrhsdfkfcm ljcnfnjxyj ibhjrj lkz
dsldb;tybz gjkjr.
GJLRK?XTYBT GBNFYBZ
{jkjlbkmybr cktletn gjlrk/xbnm r pfptvk=yyjq
hjptnrt.
Yfghz;tybt% 230 D.
Ghtlj[hfybntkm% 10 F.
Ytj,[jlbvst lfyyst ghbdtltys yf nf,kbxrt c
nt[ybxtcrbvb lfyysvb [jkjlbkmybrf> rjnjhfz
hfcgjkj;tyf dyenhb ytuj c ktdjq cnjhjys.
BPVTYTYBT CNJHJYS JNRHSDFYBZ LDTHB
1. Pfrhjqnt [jkjlbkmybr b dsymnt dbkre bp
hjptnrb.
2. Cybvbnt dtynbkzwbjyye/ hti=nre. Yf hti=nrt
bvttncz c(=vyfz ltnfkm> rjnjhe/ cktletn
cyznm b ecnfyjdbnm yf ghjnbdjgjkj;yjq cnjhjyt.
3. Lkz njuj xnj,s gjkj;bnm [jkjlbkmybryf ,jr>
gjl ytuj htrjvtyletncz gjlkj;bnm rfre/-
yb,elm vzure/ gjlrkflre> lkz njuj xnj,s pf
ytuj ,skj pfntv ktuxt dpznmcz ghb gjlyznbb
tuj j,hfnyj d dthnbrfkmyjt gjkj;tybt.
4. Dth[yzz xfcnm [jkjlbkmybrf% ecnfyjdbnt cnth;tym
gtnkb yf ghjnbdjgjkj;yjq cnjhjyt.
5. Yb;yzz xfcnm [jkjlbkmybrf% dsdthybnt dbyns
gtnkb. Cybvbnt pfrhsdf/ott ecnhjqcndj ldthb
c gtnkb b gthtcnfdmnt cnth;tym gtnkb yf
ghjnbdjgjkj;ye/ cnjhjye. Ecnfyjdbnt pfrhsdf-
/ott ecnhjqcndj yf vtcnj.
6. Cybvbnt pfrhsdf/ott ecnhjqcndj yb;ytq xfcnb
ldthb. Dsymnt cjjndtncnde/oe/ gkfcnvfccjde/
pfukeire c ghjnbdjgjkj;yjq cnjhjys>
bcgjkmpez lkz 'njuj jnd=hnre. Ecnfyjdbnt
pfrhsdf/ott ecnhjqcndj yf vtcnj b pfrhtgbnt
yb;y// gtnk/.
7. Djpvj;ysq pfpjh cktletn elfkbnm gjchtlcndjv
htuekbhjdfybz dscjns yb;ytq gtnkb
ghbkfuftvsv r [jkjlbkmybre htuekbhjdjxysv
rk/xjv. Pfabrcbheqnt gjkj;tybt ldthb
rjynhzotq ufqrjq. Ecnfyjdbnt dtynbkzwbjyye/
hti=nre j,hfnyj yf vtcnj.
8. Gthtcnfyjdrf ldthyjq hexrb yf ghjnbdjgjkj;-
ye/ cnjhjye% Dsdthybnt rhtg=;yst dbyns
hexrb. Gjdthybnt hexre yf gjk-j,jhjnf b
pfrhtgbnt t= yf ghjnbdjgjkj;yjq cnjhjyt
ldthb.
9. Ecnfyjdbnt [jkjlbkmybr j,hfnyj d dthnbrfkmyjt
gjkj;tybt. Eljcnjdthmntcm d njv> xnj jy
dshjdyty gj ujhbpjynfkb. Cv. erfpfybz>
ghbdtl=yyst d hfpltkt Ecnfyjdrf.
8
11
NT{J<CKE:BDFYBT B
PFGFCYST XFCNB
Pf nt[j,cke;bdfybtv b pfgxfcnzvb
j,hfofqntcm d egjkyjvjxtyye/ yf
nt[j,cke;bdfybt abhve.
Df;ytqibt pfgfcyst xfcnb r lfyyjq ,snjdjq
vfibyt vjuen ,snm ghbj,htntys d ntxtybt
10 ktn gjckt njuj> rfr jyf cyznf c
ghjbpdjlcndf.
UFHFYNBZ
Ufhfynbqyst eckjdbz ghbdtltys d jnltkmyjq
nf,kbwt.
Ddble ytghthsdyjuj hfpdbnbz yfitq ghjlerwbb
jcnfdkztv pf cj,jq ghfdj yf dytctybt
bpvtytybq.
Cjukfcyj Pfrjye «J pfobnt ghfd
gjnht,bntktq»> ghb yfheitybb ecnfyjdktyys[
ghfdbk bcgjkmpjdfybz dhtl> ghbxby=yysq
dcktlcndbt nfrb[ yfheitybq> yt djpvtoftncz
b nht,jdfybz gj ytljcnfnrfv> djpybribv d
htpekmnfnt nfrb[ yfheitybq> yt
eljdktndjhz/ncz.
Tckb Ds j,hfoftntcm d cthdbcysq wtynh gj
gjdjle jlyjq bp nfrb[ ytbcghfdyjcntq bkb d
htpekmnfnt ytcj,k/ltybz ghfdbk
'rcgkefnfwbb> nj> lf;t d gthbjl ltqcndbz
ufhfynbb> Dfv> djpvj;yj> ghbl=ncz jgkfnbnm
dspjd cgtwbfkbcnf.
1%6-)78%( ((),
/